树莓派3 + HC-SR04超声波测距模块+LED报警

最终代码

# 适用于树莓派3b+和HC-SR04
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

TRIG = 23  # 4
ECHO = 24  # 17
RED_LED = 26
pwm = None
INTERVAL = 5


def distanceInit():
    GPIO.setwarnings(False)
    #GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)#该模式下LED常亮
    GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) #该模式下LED闪烁三次，闪烁结束后再次测量距离
    GPIO.setup(TRIG, GPIO.OUT)
    GPIO.setup(ECHO, GPIO.IN)


def distanceStart():
    # 发送trig信号，持续10us的方波脉冲
    GPIO.output(TRIG, 1)
    time.sleep(0.0001)
    GPIO.output(TRIG, 0)
#    print('1')


def wait_for_echo(value, timeout):
    count = timeout
    # 通过该代码持续获取ECHO的状态
    while GPIO.input(ECHO) != value and count > 0:
        count = count - 1


'''
计算距离
'''


def get_distance():
    # 发射
    distanceStart()
    # 接收高电平 1/True
    wait_for_echo(True, 1000)
    # 等待
    start = time.time()
    # 接收低电平
    wait_for_echo(False, 1000)
    finish = time.time()
    pulse_len = finish - start
    # distance_cm = pulse_len/0.0000058
    distance = (pulse_len * 3430000) / 2
    return distance

def ledStart():
    global pwm
    GPIO.setup(RED_LED, GPIO.OUT)
    GPIO.output(RED_LED, GPIO.HIGH)
    #print('3')
    # 创建一个 PWM 实例，需要两个参数，第一个是GPIO端口号，这里我们用26号
    # 第二个是频率（Hz），频率越高LED看上去越不会闪烁，相应对CPU要求就越高，设置合适的值就可以
    pwm = GPIO.PWM(RED_LED, 60)


    # 启用PWM，参数是占空比，范围：0.0<=占空比<=100.0
    pwm.start(0)
    for i in range(3):
        # 电流从小到大，LED由暗到亮
        for i in range(101):
            # 更改占空比
            pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(i)
            time.sleep(0.02)

        # 电流从大到小，LED由亮变暗
        for i in range(100, -1, -1):
            pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(i)
            time.sleep(0.02)
    pwm.stop()


try:
    distanceInit()
    while True:
        distance = get_distance()
        print("Distance:{}cm".format(distance))
        if distance < 17:
            print('2')
            ledStart()
        time.sleep(INTERVAL)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    if pwm != None:
        pwm.stop()
    GPIO.cleanup()

树莓派接线如下：

参考代码1：传感器

# 适用于树莓派3b+和HC-SR04
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

TRIG = 23  # 4
ECHO = 24  # 17
RED_LED = 26
pwm = None
INTERVAL = 5


def distanceInit():
    print('Distance Measurement In Progress')
    GPIO.setwarnings(False)
    GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
    GPIO.setup(TRIG, GPIO.OUT)
    GPIO.setup(ECHO, GPIO.IN)


def distanceStart():
    # 发送trig信号，持续10us的方波脉冲
    GPIO.output(TRIG, 1)
    time.sleep(0.0001)
    GPIO.output(TRIG, 0)
#    print('1')


def wait_for_echo(value, timeout):
    count = timeout
    # 通过该代码持续获取ECHO的状态
    while GPIO.input(ECHO) != value and count > 0:
        count = count - 1


'''
计算距离
'''


def get_distance():
    # 发射
    distanceStart()
    # 接收高电平 1/True
    wait_for_echo(True, 1000)
    # 等待
    start = time.time()
    # 接收低电平
    wait_for_echo(False, 1000)
    finish = time.time()
    pulse_len = finish - start
    # distance_cm = pulse_len/0.0000058
    distance = (pulse_len * 3430000) / 2
    return distance

def ledStart():
    global pwm
    GPIO.setup(RED_LED, GPIO.OUT)
    # 创建一个 PWM 实例，需要两个参数，第一个是GPIO端口号，这里我们用26号
    # 第二个是频率（Hz），频率越高LED看上去越不会闪烁，相应对CPU要求就越高，设置合适的值就可以
    pwm = GPIO.PWM(RED_LED, 60)

    # 启用PWM，参数是占空比，范围：0.0<=占空比<=100.0
    pwm.start(0)
    for i in range(3):
        # 电流从小到大，LED由暗到亮
        for i in range(101):
            # 更改占空比
            pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(i)
            time.sleep(0.02)

        # 电流从大到小，LED由亮变暗
        for i in range(100, -1, -1):
            pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(i)
            time.sleep(0.02)
    pwm.stop()


try:
    distanceInit()
    while True:
        distance = get_distance()
        print("Distance:{}cm".format(distance))
        if distance < 10:
            ledStart()
        time.sleep(INTERVAL)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    if pwm != None:
        pwm.stop()
    GPIO.cleanup()

参考代码2：传感器

#导入 GPIO库
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
  
#设置 GPIO 模式为 BCM
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
  
#定义 GPIO 引脚
GPIO_TRIGGER = 23
GPIO_ECHO = 24
  
#设置 GPIO 的工作方式 (IN / OUT)
GPIO.setup(GPIO_TRIGGER, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(GPIO_ECHO, GPIO.IN)
  
def distance():
    # 发送高电平信号到 Trig 引脚
    GPIO.output(GPIO_TRIGGER, True)
  
    # 持续 10 us 
    time.sleep(0.00001)
    GPIO.output(GPIO_TRIGGER, False)
  
    start_time = time.time()
    stop_time = time.time()
  
    # 记录发送超声波的时刻1
    while GPIO.input(GPIO_ECHO) == 0:
        start_time = time.time()
  
    # 记录接收到返回超声波的时刻2
    while GPIO.input(GPIO_ECHO) == 1:
        stop_time = time.time()
  
    # 计算超声波的往返时间 = 时刻2 - 时刻1
    time_elapsed = stop_time - start_time
    # 声波的速度为 343m/s， 转化为 34300cm/s。
    distance = (time_elapsed * 34300) / 2
  
    return distance
  
if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        while True:
            dist = distance()
            print("Measured Distance = {:.2f} cm".format(dist))
            time.sleep(1)
  
        # Reset by pressing CTRL + C
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("Measurement stopped by User")
        GPIO.cleanup()

参考代码3：LED

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-                     #通过声明可以在程序中书写中文
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO                     #引入RPi.GPIO库函数命名为GPIO
import time                                 #引入计时time函数
# BOARD编号方式，基于插座引脚编号
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)                    #将GPIO编程方式设置为BOARD模式
# 输出模式
GPIO.setup(11, GPIO.OUT)                    #将GPIO引脚11设置为输出引脚

while True:                                 # 条件为真，下面程序一直循环执行     
        GPIO.output(11, GPIO.HIGH)          #将11引脚电压置高，点亮LED灯
        time.sleep(1)                       #延时1秒
        GPIO.output(11, GPIO.LOW)           #将11引脚电压置低，熄灭LED灯
        time.sleep(1)                       #延时1秒

参考代码1：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36365528/article/details/108256742
参考代码2：https://shumeipai.nxez.com/2019/01/02/hc-sr04-ultrasonic-ranging-module-on-raspberry-pi.html
参考代码3：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43073852/article/details/82803314