OpenCV Distance Transform (距离变换）

输入一个二值图，OpenCV 的distanceTransform函数对图像进行距离变换，计算每一个像素到最近的背景像素之间的距离。使用例子如下：

cv::Mat src, bw, dist;
cv::namedWindow("Source", cv::WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
cv::namedWindow("Distance Transform", cv::WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);

/// Simulate a source image and perform binary threshold
src = cv::Mat::zeros(cv::Size(200, 200), CV_8UC1);
cv::rectangle(src, cv::Rect(50, 50, 100, 100), cv::Scalar(255), -1);
cv::circle(src, cv::Point(50, 100), 50, cv::Scalar(255), -1);
cv::circle(src, cv::Point(150, 100), 50, cv::Scalar(255), -1);

cv::threshold(src, bw, 0, 255, cv::THRESH_OTSU);

/// Perform the distance transform algorithm 
cv::distanceTransform(bw, dist, cv::DIST_L2, 3);

/// Normalize the distance image for range = {0.0, 1.0}, \
    so we can visualize and threshold it
cv::normalize(dist, dist, 0, 1.0, cv::NORM_MINMAX);

/// Or transform to grayscale after normalizatio