exon ，UTR, ORF与 CDS

exon ，UTR, ORF与 CDS

UTRs: untranslated region introns

CDS: Sequence coding for amino acids in protein.A contiguous sequence which begins with, and includes, a start codon and ends with, and includes, a stop codon.

Exon: A region of the transcript sequence within a gene which is not removed from the primary RNA transcript by RNA splicing.

ORF：Open reading frame

Exon contains both of UTR and CDS. The CDS is the sequence that actually makes proteins.
pre mRNA, mature mRNA
UTR: 成熟mRNA 位于编码区（CDS)上下游的不翻译为蛋白质的区域。
exon包括CDS和UTR
ORF:从一个起始密码子开始到一个终止密码子结束的序列；但不是所有ORF都能表达出蛋白产物或具有生物学功能的蛋白产物。ORF不一定是CDS。
CDS：编码蛋白产物，一定是一个ORF，也可能包括多个ORF。

Alternative splicing选择性剪接：
mRNA前体通过不同的剪接方式产生不同的mRNA剪接异构体，产生结构或功能各异的最终蛋白产物。