构建简单的卷积神经网络

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torchvision import datasets,transforms
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# 定义超参数
input_size = 28  #图像的总尺寸28*28
num_classes = 10  #标签的种类数
num_epochs = 3  #训练的总循环周期
batch_size = 64  #一个撮（批次）的大小，64张图片

# 首先读取数据
# 分别构建训练集和测试集（验证集）
# DataLoader来迭代取数据
# 训练集
train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./data',
                            train=True,
                            transform=transforms.ToTensor(),
                            download=True)

# 测试集
test_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./data',
                           train=False,
                           transform=transforms.ToTensor())

# 构建batch数据
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=train_dataset,
                                           batch_size=batch_size,
                                           shuffle=True)
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=test_dataset,
                                           batch_size=batch_size,
                                           shuffle=True)
# 卷积网络模块构建
# 一般卷积层，relu层，池化层可以写成一个套餐
# 注意卷积最后结果还是一个特征图，需要把图转换成向量才能做分类或者回归任务

class CNN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CNN, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(  # 输入大小 (1, 28, 28)
            nn.Conv2d(
                in_channels=1,  # 灰度图
                out_channels=16,  # 要得到几多少个特征图
                kernel_size=5,  # 卷积核大小
                stride=1,  # 步长
                padding=2,  # 如果希望卷积后大小跟原来一样，需要设置padding=(kernel_size-1)/2 if stride=1
            ),  # 输出的特征图为 (16, 28, 28)
            nn.ReLU(),  # relu层
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2),  # 进行池化操作（2x2 区域）, 输出结果为： (16, 14, 14)
        )
        self.conv2 = nn.Sequential(  # 下一个套餐的输入 (16, 14, 14)
            nn.Conv2d(16, 32, 5, 1, 2),  # 输出 (32, 14, 14)
            nn.ReLU(),  # relu层
            nn.Conv2d(32, 32, 5, 1, 2),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),  # 输出 (32, 7, 7)
        )

        self.conv3 = nn.Sequential(  # 下一个套餐的输入 (16, 14, 14)
            nn.Conv2d(32, 64, 5, 1, 2),  # 输出 (32, 14, 14)
            nn.ReLU(),  # 输出 (32, 7, 7)
        )

        self.out = nn.Linear(64 * 7 * 7, 10)  # 全连接层得到的结果

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv1(x)
        x = self.conv2(x)
        x = self.conv3(x)
        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)  # flatten操作，结果为：(batch_size, 32 * 7 * 7)
        output = self.out(x)
        return output


# 准确率作为评估标准
def accuracy(predictions, labels):
    pred = torch.max(predictions.data, 1)[1]
    rights = pred.eq(labels.data.view_as(pred)).sum()
    return rights, len(labels)

# 训练网络模型

# 实例化
net = CNN()
# 损失函数
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
# 优化器
optimizer = optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=0.001)  # 定义优化器，普通的随机梯度下降算法

# 开始训练循环
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
    # 当前epoch的结果保存下来
    train_rights = []

    for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):  # 针对容器中的每一个批进行循环
        net.train()
        output = net(data)
        loss = criterion(output, target)
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
        right = accuracy(output, target)
        train_rights.append(right)

        if batch_idx % 100 == 0:

            net.eval()
            val_rights = []

            for (data, target) in test_loader:
                output = net(data)
                right = accuracy(output, target)
                val_rights.append(right)

            # 准确率计算
            train_r = (sum([tup[0] for tup in train_rights]), sum([tup[1] for tup in train_rights]))
            val_r = (sum([tup[0] for tup in val_rights]), sum([tup[1] for tup in val_rights]))

            print('当前epoch: {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\t损失: {:.6f}\t训练集准确率: {:.2f}%\t测试集正确率: {:.2f}%'.format(
                epoch, batch_idx * batch_size, len(train_loader.dataset),
                       100. * batch_idx / len(train_loader),
                loss.data,
                       100. * train_r[0].numpy() / train_r[1],
                       100. * val_r[0].numpy() / val_r[1]))