数据科学包14-matplotlib-6种图形的基本画法

matplotlib-6种图形的基本画法

1.numpy补充

# 使用numpy生成100以内的随机数组；
#将数组存储到文件，在从该文件中读取数组；
#对数组进行排序求最大值、最小值、均值、方差
import numpy as np
x = np.random.randint(0,100,10)
# 将数组存储到文件
np.savetxt('testfile.txt',x)
# 从该文件中读取数组
c = np.loadtxt('testfile.txt')

# np.func(x) 生成一个新的数组
c_sort = np.sort(c)
high = np.max(c)
low = np.min(c)
average = np.mean(c)
variance = np.var(c)

# unpack 的作用是可以变出多个表
open,close,volume=np.loadtxt('000001.csv',delimiter=',',unpack=True)

2.散点图

散点图显示两组数据的值，每个点的坐标位置由变量的值决定
由一组不连接的点完成，用于观察两种变量的相关性

# 简单例子：身高与体重
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

height = [161,170,183,175,173,165]
weight = [50,58,80,70,69,55]
plt.scatter(height,weight)
plt.show()

# 不相关性
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

N = 1000
x1 = np.random.randn(N)
y1 = np.random.randn(N)

plt.scatter(x1,y1)
plt.show()

# 正相关性
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

N = 1000
x1 = np.random.randn(N)
y1 = x1 + np.random.randn(N)*0.5

plt.scatter(x1,y1)
plt.show()

# 负相关性
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

N = 1000
x1 = np.random.randn(N)
y1 = -x1 + np.random.randn(N)*0.5

plt.scatter(x1,y1)
plt.show()

# 实例：股票价格涨幅
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

open,close = np.loadtxt('000001.csv',delimiter=',',skiprows=1,usecols = (1,4),unpack=True)

change = close - open
today = change[:-1]
yesterday = change[1:]
plt.scatter(today,yesterday)
plt.show()

# 散点图的外观调整
# 颜色c，点大小s，透明度alpha,点形状marker
# 透明度可以看出点的密集程度
# 实例：股票价格涨幅
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

open,close = np.loadtxt('000001.csv',delimiter=',',skiprows=1,usecols = (1,4),unpack=True)

change = close - open
today = change[:-1]
yesterday = change[1:]
plt.scatter(today