matplotlib—plt.pie绘制饼状图及参数详解

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.pie(x, explode=None, labels=None, colors=None, autopct=None, pctdistance=0.6, shadow=False, labeldistance=1.1,
 startangle=0, radius=1, counterclock=True, wedgeprops=None, textprops=None, center=0, 0, frame=False, 
 rotatelabels=False, *, normalize=None, data=None)

常用参数：

1. x即每个扇形的占比的序列或数组
2. explode如果不是None，则是一个len(x)长度的数组，指定每一块的突出程度；突出显示，设置每一块分割出来的间隙大小
3. labels为每个扇形提供标签的字符串序列
4. colors为每个扇形提供颜色的字符串序列
5. autopct如果它是一个格式字符串，标签将是fmt % pct。如果它是一个函数，它将被调用。
6. shadow阴影
7. startangle从x轴逆时针旋转,饼的旋转角度
8. pctdistance, default: 0.6每个饼片的中心与由autopct生成的文本的开头之间距离与半径的比率，大于1的话会显示在圆外
9. labeldistance, default: 1.1饼状图标签绘制时的径向距离（我认为这个也与8类似是个比率）。如果设置为None，则不绘制标签，而是存储在图例()中使用。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

labels = 'Frogs', 'Hogs', 'Dogs', 'Logs'  # 定义标签
sizes = [15, 30, 45, 10]  # 每一块的比例
colors = ['yellowgreen', 'gold', 'lightskyblue', 'lightcoral']  # 每一块的颜色
explode = (0, 0.1, 0, 0)  # 突出显示，这里仅仅突出显示第二块（即'Hogs'）

plt.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, colors=colors, autopct='%1.1f%%', shadow=True, startangle=90)
plt.axis('equal')  # 显示为圆（避免比例压缩为椭圆）
plt.show()

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selected = links.loc[links.Types == '酒精饮料']

alcohol = selected['id'].sum()
selected['count'] = selected.apply(lambda x : x['id']/alcohol,axis=1)
selected.rename(columns={'count':'percent'},inplace=True)

data = selected['percent']
labels = selected['Goods']
plt.figure(figsize = (10,10))  # 设置画布大小 
explode = (0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05,0.06,0.07,0.08,0.08,0.3,0.1,0.3)  # 设置每一块分割出的间隙大小
plt.pie(data,explode = explode,labels = labels,autopct = '%1.2f%%',
        pctdistance = 1.1,labeldistance = 1.2)
plt.title("酒精饮料内部各商品的销量占比")  # 设置标题
plt.axis('equal')

如果没有explode参数，每一块都没有分割出来

alcohol = selected['id'].sum()
selected['count'] = selected.apply(lambda x : x['id']/alcohol,axis=1)
selected.rename(columns={'count':'percent'},inplace=True)

data = selected['percent']
labels = selected['Goods']
plt.figure(figsize = (10,10))  # 设置画布大小 
# explode = (0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05,0.06,0.07,0.08,0.08,0.3,0.1,0.3)  # 设置每一块分割出的间隙大小
plt.pie(data,labels = labels,autopct = '%1.2f%%',
        pctdistance = 1.1,labeldistance = 1.2)
plt.title("酒精饮料内部各商品的销量占比")  # 设置标题
plt.axis('equal')

如果没有pctdistance 参数，则格式字符串会默认显示在圆内

alcohol = selected['id'].sum()
selected['count'] = selected.apply(lambda x : x['id']/alcohol,axis=1)
selected.rename(columns={'count':'percent'},inplace=True)

data = selected['percent']
labels = selected['Goods']
plt.figure(figsize = (10,10))  # 设置画布大小 
# explode = (0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05,0.06,0.07,0.08,0.08,0.3,0.1,0.3)  # 设置每一块分割出的间隙大小
plt.pie(data,labels = labels,autopct = '%1.2f%%',
        labeldistance = 1.2)
plt.title("酒精饮料内部各商品的销量占比")  # 设置标题
plt.axis('equal')

对于很好的类别，格式字符串会重叠，所以这个参数也比较重要。

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