1.绘制正态分布图
# ====================python绘制标准正态分布曲线====================
import numpy as np
import math
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def gd(x, mu=0, sigma=1):
"""根据公式,由自变量x计算因变量的值
Argument:
x: array
输入数据(自变量)
mu: float
均值
sigma: float
方差
"""
left = 1 / (np.sqrt(2 * math.pi) * np.sqrt(sigma))
right = np.exp(-(x - mu)**2 / (2 * sigma))
return left * right
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 自变量
x = np.arange(-4, 5, 0.1)
# 因变量(不同均值或方差)
y_1 = gd(x, 0, 0.2)
y_2 = gd(x, 0, 1.0)
y_3 = gd(x, 0, 5.0)
y_4 = gd(x, -2, 0.5)
# 绘图
plt.plot(x, y_1, color='green')
plt.plot(x, y_2, color='blue')
plt.plot(x, y_3, color='yellow')
plt.plot(x, y_4, color='red')
# 设置坐标系
plt.xlim(-5.0, 5.0)
plt.ylim(-0.2, 1)
ax = plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data', 0))
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data', 0))
plt.legend(labels=['$\mu = 0, \sigma^2=0.2$', '$\mu = 0, \sigma^2=1.0$', '$\mu = 0, \sigma^2=5.0$', '$\mu = -2, \sigma^2=0.5$'])
plt.show()
2. 基于正态分布求分位数
例子:计算均值为0,标准差为2的正态分布的累积分布为0.1,0.2,0.8,0.9的分位数对应的x分别为多少
from scipy.stats import norm
ppf_list = norm.ppf(q=[0.1, 0.2, 0.8, 0.9], loc=0, scale=2)
print(ppf_list)
输出
[-2.56310313 -1.68324247 1.68324247 2.56310313]
3.σ置信区间填充颜色
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
##制造1000个随机数据
x = np.linspace(60,260,1000)
cigema = 20
miu = 172
#绘制σ=20,μ=172的正态分布
fx = 1 / (cigema * (2 * np.pi)**0.5) * np.exp(-(x - miu)**2 / (2 * cigema**2))
plt.plot(x,fx,color='dodgerblue')
#取μ ~ 1σ的区间
fanwei = x[(x>miu) & (x<miu+cigema)]
#该范围对应的fx
fx2 = 1 / (cigema * (2 * np.pi)**0.5) * np.exp(-(fanwei - miu)**2 / (2 * cigema**2))
#该范围内的曲线与x轴之间的颜色填充
y = np.zeros(fanwei.size)
plt.fill_between(fanwei,fx2,y,fx2 > y,alpha=0.6,color='dodgerblue')
plt.show()
参考链接
[1] Python绘制正态分布曲线 2022.6
[2] 正态分布置信区间填充颜色 2019.4
[3] python求正态分布的分位数 2021.7