灰度图
import cv2 #opencv读取的格式是BGR
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt#Matplotlib是RGB
%matplotlib inline
img=cv2.imread('cat.jpg')
img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
img_gray.shape
cv2.imshow("img_gray", img_gray)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
HSV
- H - 色调(主波长)。
- S - 饱和度(纯度/颜色的阴影)。
- V值(强度)
hsv=cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
cv2.imshow("hsv", hsv)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
图像阈值
#### ret, dst = cv2.threshold(src, thresh, maxval, type)
- src: 输入图,只能输入单通道图像,通常来说为灰度图
- dst: 输出图
- thresh: 阈值
- maxval: 当像素值超过了阈值(或者小于阈值,根据type来决定),所赋予的值
- type:二值化操作的类型,包含以下5种类型: cv2.THRESH_BINARY; cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV; cv2.THRESH_TRUNC; cv2.THRESH_TOZERO;cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV
- cv2.THRESH_BINARY 超过阈值部分取maxval(最大值),否则取0
- cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV THRESH_BINARY的反转
- cv2.THRESH_TRUNC 大于阈值部分设为阈值,否则不变
- cv2.THRESH_TOZERO 大于阈值部分不改变,否则设为0
- cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV THRESH_TOZERO的反转
ret, thresh1 = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
ret, thresh2 = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret, thresh3 = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
ret, thresh4 = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)
ret, thresh5 = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)
titles = ['Original Image', 'BINARY', 'BINARY_INV', 'TRUNC', 'TOZERO', 'TOZERO_INV']
images = [img, thresh1, thresh2, thresh3, thresh4, thresh5]
for i in range(6):
plt.subplot(2, 3, i + 1), plt.imshow(images[i], 'gray')
plt.title(titles[i])
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()
图像平滑
img = cv2.imread('lenaNoise.png')
cv2.imshow('img', img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
滤波
# 均值滤波
# 简单的平均卷积操作
blur = cv2.blur(img, (3, 3))
cv2.imshow('blur', blur)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
方框滤波
# 方框滤波
# 基本和均值一样,可以选择归一化,容易越界
box = cv2.boxFilter(img,-1,(3,3), normalize=False)
cv2.imshow('box', box)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
# 方框滤波
# 基本和均值一样,可以选择归一化,容易越界
box = cv2.boxFilter(img,-1,(3,3), normalize=False)
cv2.imshow('box', box)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
不归一化
# 方框滤波
# 基本和均值一样,可以选择归一化,容易越界
box = cv2.boxFilter(img,-1,(3,3), normalize=False)
cv2.imshow('box', box)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
# 高斯滤波
# 高斯模糊的卷积核里的数值是满足高斯分布,相当于更重视中间的
aussian = cv2.GaussianBlur(img, (5, 5), 1)
cv2.imshow('aussian', aussian)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
# 中值滤波
# 相当于用中值代替
median = cv2.medianBlur(img, 5) # 中值滤波
cv2.imshow('median', median)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
# 展示所有的
res = np.hstack((blur,aussian,median))
#print (res)
cv2.imshow('median vs average', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()