/*
* 运算符重载:对已有的运算符重新进行定义,赋予其另一种功能,以适应不同的数据类型
* 加号运算符重载
* 左移运算符重载
* 递增运算符重载
* 赋值运算符重载
* 关系运算符重载
* 函数调用运算符重载
* 注意:对于内置的数据类型表达式的运算符是不可能修改的(如1+1)
* 不要滥用运算符重载
*/
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
public:
Person() {};
Person(int a,int b);
~Person();
//加号运算符重载:实现两个自定义数据类型相加的运算
//成员函数实现+号运算符重载
Person operator+(const Person& p)
{
Person temp;//需要自行构造无参(默认)构造函数
temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
return temp;
}
//左移运算符重载:可以输出自定义数据类型
//成员函数实现不了 p<<cout 不是我们想要的结果
//void operator<<(Person& p) {};
public:
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
Person::Person(int a,int b)
{
this->m_A = a;
this->m_B = b;
}
Person::~Person()
{
cout << "Person析构函数" << endl;
}
//全局函数实现+号运算符重载
// Person operator+(const Person& p1, const Person& p2)
// {
// Person temp(0, 0);
// temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
// temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
// return temp;
// }
//运算符重载 可以发生函数重载
Person operator+(const Person& p2, int val)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p2.m_A + val;
temp.m_B = p2.m_B + val;
return temp;
}
//全局函数实现左移重载
//ostream对象只能有一个
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Person& p)
{
out << "a = " << p.m_A << "b = " << p.m_B;
return out;
}
void test()
{
Person p1(10, 10);
Person p2(20, 20);
//成员函数方式
Person p3 = p1 + p2;//相当于p2.operator+(p1);
cout << "m_A = " << p3.m_A << " m_B = " << p3.m_B << endl;
Person p4 = p3 + 10;//相当于operator+(p3,10);
cout << "m_A = " << p4.m_A << " m_B = " << p4.m_B << endl;
cout << p1 << " hello world" << endl;//左移重载,链式编程;如果没有进行左移重载,p1类型是无法直接输出的
}
//递增运算符重载
//作用:通过重载递增运算符,实现自己的递增操作
class MyInteger
{
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, MyInteger myint);
public:
MyInteger()
{
m_Num = 0;
}
//前置++
MyInteger& operator++()
{
//先++
m_Num++;
//再返回
return *this;
}
//后置++
MyInteger operator++(int)
{
//先返回
MyInteger temp = *this;//记录当前本身的值,然后让本身的值加1,但是返回的是以前的值
m_Num++;
return temp;
}
private:
int m_Num;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, MyInteger myint)
{
out << myint.m_Num;
return out;
}
//前置++ 先++ 再返回
void test01()
{
MyInteger myInt;
cout << ++myInt << endl;
cout << myInt << endl;
}
//后置++ 先返回 再++
void test02()
{
MyInteger myInt;
cout << myInt << endl;
cout << myInt++ << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
test();
cout<<"Hello World!"<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
/*
* 赋值运算符重载
* c++编译器至少给一个类添加4个函数
* 1. 默认构造函数(无参,函数体为空)
* 2. 默认析构函数(无参,函数体为空)
* 3. 默认拷贝构造函数,对属性进行值拷贝
* 4. 赋值运算符operator=,对属性进行值拷贝
* 如果类中有属性指向堆区,做赋值运算操作时会出现深浅拷贝问题
*/
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
public:
Person(int age)
{
//将年龄数据开辟到堆区
m_Age = new int(age);
}
//重载赋值运算符
Person& operator=(Person& p)
{
//应该先判断是否有属性在堆区,如果有先释放干净,然后再深拷贝
if (m_Age != NULL)
{
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
//编译器提供的代码是浅拷贝
//m_Age = p.m_Age;
//提供深拷贝 解决浅拷贝的问题
m_Age = new int(*p.m_Age);
//返回自身
return *this;
}
~Person()
{
if (m_Age != NULL)
{
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
}
//年龄的指针
int* m_Age;
};
void test01()
{
Person p1(18);
Person p2(20);
Person p3(30);
p3 = p2 = p1; //赋值操作
cout << "p1的年龄为:" << *p1.m_Age << endl;
cout << "p2的年龄为:" << *p2.m_Age << endl;
cout << "p3的年龄为:" << *p3.m_Age << endl;
}
int main() {
test01();
//int a = 10;
//int b = 20;
//int c = 30;
//c = b = a;
//cout << "a = " << a << endl;
//cout << "b = " << b << endl;
//cout << "c = " << c << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
/*
* 关系运算符重载:重载关系运算符,可以让两个自定义类型对象进行对比操作
*/
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name, int age)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
}
bool operator==(Person& p)
{
if (this->m_Age==p.m_Age && this->m_Name==p.m_Name)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
bool operator!=(Person& p)
{
if (this->m_Age==p.m_Age && this->m_Name==p.m_Name)
{
return false;
}
else
{
return true;
}
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
void test01()
{
Person a("张三", 18);
Person b("李四", 19);
if (a==b)
{
cout << "a和b相等" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "a和b不相等" << endl;
}
if (a!=b)
{
cout << "a和b不相等" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "a和b相等" << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
/*
* 函数调用运算符重载
* 1、函数调用运算符即(),也可以重载
* 2、由于重载后使用的方式非常像函数的调用,因此称为仿函数
* 3、仿函数没有固定的写法,非常灵活
*/
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//打印输出类
class MyPrint
{
public:
//重载函数调用运算符
void operator()(string text)
{
cout << text << endl;
}
};
void test01()
{
//重载的()操作符 使用起来非常类似函数调用 也称为仿函数
MyPrint myprint;
myprint("hello world");
}
//仿函数没有固定写法,非常灵活
//加法类
class MyAdd
{
public:
int operator()(int v1, int v2)
{
return v1 + v2;
}
};
void test02()
{
MyAdd myadd;
int ret = myadd(10, 10);
cout << "ret = " << ret << endl;
//匿名对象:类名();用完立即释放
cout << "MyAdd()(20, 20) = " << MyAdd()(20, 20) << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
cout<<"Hello World!"<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}