Java基础—枚举类与注解

一、枚举类

1、枚举类

①枚举类的理解：类的对象只有有限个，确定的，我们称此类为枚举类。

②当需要定义一组常量时，强烈建议使用枚举类。

③如果枚举类中只有一个对象，则可以作为单例模式的实现方式。

2、如何定义枚举类

①jdk5.0之前：自定义枚举类

声明Season对象的属性：private final修饰

私有化类的构造器，并给对象属性赋值

提供当前枚举类的多个对象：public static final修饰

//自定义枚举类
class Season{

    //1、声明Season对象的属性：private final修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2、私有化类的构造器，并给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //3、提供当前枚举类的多个对象：public static final修饰
    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天","春暖花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //4、其他诉求1：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName(){
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc(){
        return seasonDesc;
    }

    //4、其他诉求2：提供toString()
    @Override
    public String toString(){
        return "Season{" +
             "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
             ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
             '}';
    }

}

//测试类
public class SeasonTest{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Season spring = Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);
    }
}

②jdk5.0：可以使用