实验拓扑图:
实验要求:
1、R4为ISP,其上只能配置IP地址;R4与其他所有直连设备间使用公有IP;
2、R3----R5/6/7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;
3、整个OSPF环境IP地址为 172.16.0.0/16;
4、所有设备均可访问R4环回;
5、减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全;
6、全网可达;
实验分析:
1、IP 地址规划
- OSPF:172.16.0.0 /16 ---- 分 8 个子网
- Area 0:172.16.0.0 /19
- 172.16.0.0 /25 ----- 点到点骨干
- 172.16.0.128 /25 ----- MA骨干
- 172.16.0.10000 001 /29 → 172.16.0.129 /29 ----- R3 Tunnel 0/0/0
- 172.16.0.10000 010 /29 → 172.16.0.130 /29 ----- R5 Tunnel 0/0/0
- 172.16.0.10000 011 /29 → 172.16.0.131 /29 ----- R6 Tunnel 0/0/0
- 172.16.0.10000 100 /29 → 172.16.0.132 /29 ----- R7 Tunnel 0/0/0
- 用户网段:
- 172.16.1.0 /25 ------ R5 环回
- 172.16.1.128 /25 ------ R6 环回
- 172.16.2.0 /25 ------ R7 环回
- Area 1:172.16.32.0 /19
- 172.16.32.0 /25 ----- 点到点骨干
- 172.16.32.128 /25 ----- MA骨干
- 172.16.32.10000 001 /29 → 172.16.32.129 /29 ----- R1 G 0/0/0
- 172.16.32.10000 010 /29 → 172.16.32.130 /29 ----- R2 G 0/0/0
- 172.16.32.10000 011 /29 → 172.16.32.131 /29 ----- R3 G 0/0/1
- 用户网段:
- 172.16.33.0 /25 ------ R1 环回
- 172.16.33.128 /25 ------ R2 环回
- 172.16.34.0 /25 ------ R3 环回
- Area 2:172.16.64.0 /19
- 172.16.64.0 /25 ----- 点到点骨干
- 172.16.64.000000 01 /30 → 172.16.64.1 /30 ----- R6 G 0/0/1
- 172.16.64.000000 10 /30 → 172.16.64.2 /30 ----- R11 G 0/0/0
- 172.16.64.000001 01 /30 → 172.16.64.5 /30 ----- R11 G 0/0/1
- 172.16.64.000000 01 /30 → 172.16.64.6 /30 ----- R12 G 0/0/0
- 172.16.64.128 /25 ----- MA骨干
- 用户网段:
- 172.16.64.0 /25 ------ R11 环回
- 172.16.64.128 /25 ------ R2 环回
- 172.16.64.0 /25 ------ R3 环回
- Area 3:172.16.96.0 /19
- Area 4:172.16.128.0 /19
- RIP:172.16.160.0 /19
- L0:172.16.160.0 /20、L1:172.16.176.0 /20
- 172.16.192.0 /19
- 172.16.224.0 /19
实验配置:
一、公网IP配置
[r4]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.2 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.2 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 46.0.0.2 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g 4/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.2 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]int l0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 24
[r3]int g 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.1 24
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.2
[r5]int g 0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.1 24
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.2
[r6]int g 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.1 24
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.2
[r7]int g 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.1 24
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.2
二、 私网IP配置
- 创建MGRE环境:
[r3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.129 29
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.130 29
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.129 34.0.0.1 register
[r6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.131 29
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.129 34.0.0.1 register
[r7]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.132 29
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.129 34.0.0.1 register
- Area 0:
[r5]int l0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.1.1 25
[r6]int l0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.1.129 25
[r7]int l0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.1 25
- Area 1:
[r1]int l0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.33.1 25
[r1]int g 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.32.129 29
[r2]int l0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.33.129 25
[r2]int g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.32.130 29
[r3]int l0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 25
[r3]int g 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.32.131 29
- Area 2:
[r6]int g 0/0/1
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.64.1 30
[r11]int g 0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.64.2 30
[r11]int l0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.65.1 25
[r11]int g 0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.64.5 30
[r12]int g 0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.64.6 30
- Area 3:
[r7]int g 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.96.1 30
[r8]int g 0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.96.2 30
[r8]int l0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.97.1 25
[r8]int g 0/0/1
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.96.5 30
[r9]int g 0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.96.6 30
- Area 4:
[r9]int l0
[r9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.129.1 25
[r9]int g 0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.128.1 30
[r10]int g 0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.128.2 30
[r10]int l0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.129.129 25
- RIP:
[r12]int l0
[r12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.1 20
[r12-LoopBack0]int l1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.176.1 20
三、OSPF
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.129 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.3.255
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]area 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]area 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.1.255
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.1 0.0.0.0
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.1 0.0.0.0
[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.6 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q
[r9-ospf-1]area 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.1.255
[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1]area 4
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.6 0.0.0.0
[r12]rip 1
[r12-rip-1]version 2
[r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
- 解决MGRE环境:
[r3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[r5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[r6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[r7]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[r5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[r6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[r7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
- 解决RIP:注入
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip
- 解决不规则区域4:多进程双向重发布
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]area 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]undo network 172.16.128.0 0.0.1.255
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]area 4
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.1.255
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[r9-ospf-1]q
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1
四、优化LSA
- 汇总
- 域间路由汇总:
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
域外路由汇总:
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
- 特殊区域:
- 完全末梢区域 Area 1 :
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
完全NSSA 区域 Area 2 :
[r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
完全NSSA 区域 Area 3 :
[r8]ospf 1
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
- 优化 R10:
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]undo import-route ospf 1
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise
五、Nat
[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3]int g 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[r5]acl 2000
[r5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r5-acl-basic-2000]int g 0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[r6]acl 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]int g 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[r7]acl 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7-acl-basic-2000]int g 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
六、解决黑洞:空接口
[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
[r12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0
实验结果: