BeautifulSoup库的基本元素

BeautifulSoup库的理解

BeautifulSoup库是解析、遍历、维护“标签树”的功能库，只要提供的文件是标签类型，BeautifulSoup库都能对它做很好的解析

BeautifulSoup库解析器

解析器	使用方法	条件
bs4的HTML解析器	BeautifulSoup(mk,‘html.parser’)	安装bs4库
lxml的HTML解析器	BeautifulSoup(mk,‘lxml’)	pip install lxml
lxml的HTML解析器	BeautifulSoup(mk,‘xml’)	pip install lxml
html5lib的解析器	BeautifulSoup(mk,‘html5lib’)	pip install html5lib

BeautifulSoup类的基本元素

基本元素	说明
Tag	标签，最基本的信息组织单元，分别用<>和</>标明开头和结尾
Name	标签的名字，< p >…< /p >的名字是’p’，格式：< tag >.name
Attributes	标签的数下，字典形式组织，格式：< tag >.attrs
NavigableString	标签内非属性字符串，<>…</>中字符串，格式：< tag >.string
Comment	标签内字符串的注释部分，一种特殊的Comment类型

例：

>>> from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
>>> soup = BeautifulSoup(demo, 'html.parser')
>>> soup.title
<title>This is a python demo page</title>
>>> soup.a
<a class="py1" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" id="link1">Basic Python</a>
>>> tag = soup.a
>>> tag
<a class="py1" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" id="link1">Basic Python</a>
>>> soup.a.name
'a'
>>> soup.a.parent.name
'p'
>>> soup.a.parent.parent.name
'body'
>>> tag.attrs
{'href': 'http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001', 'class': ['py1'], 'id': 'link1'}
>>> tag.attrs['class']
['py1']
>>> tag.attrs['href']
'http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001'
>>> type(tag.attrs)
<class 'dict'>
>>> type(tag)
<class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
>>> soup.a
<a class="py1" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" id="link1">Basic Python</a>
>>> soup.a.string
'Basic Python'
>>> soup.p
<p class="title"><b>The demo python introduces several python courses.</b></p>
>>> soup.p.string
'The demo python introduces several python courses.'
>>> type(soup.p.string)
<class 'bs4.element.NavigableString'>
>>> newsoup = BeautifulSoup("<b><!--This is a comment--></b><p>This is not a comment</p>", "html.parser")
>>> newsoup.b.string
'This is a comment'
>>> type(newsoup.b.string)
<class 'bs4.element.Comment'>
>>> newsoup.p.string
'This is not a comment'
>>> type(newsoup.p.string)
<class 'bs4.element.NavigableString'>