pyqt5加载matplotlib图形

matplotlib的图形处理非常强大。今天花了很长时间才将matplotlib图形嵌入到pyqt5中。

在这里记录一下，便于以后查寻。有些可能还理解不到位。

开始要导入几个模块：

from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas

FigureCanvasQTAgg是一个渲染器，它的工作就是不停的drawing,从而将物体显示在屏幕上。在这里可以理解

为将matplotlib中的figure对象变为一个Qt widgets.

1. 给界面中的groupBox添加一个布局管理器，代码为：

layout=QVBoxLayout(self.groupBox)

2. 把渲染器添加到该布局中代码为：

layout.addWidget(self.static_canvas)

3. 从渲染器的画布figure中，然后就可以进行子布局，渲染器为：self.static_canvas ，画布为：self.static_canvas.figure

然后单个创建的方法为（eg:创建2行列）：ax1=self.self.static_canvas.figure.add_subplot(211),

ax2=self.self.static_canvas.figure.add_subplot(212)

第二种方法：ax1,ax2= self.static_canvas.figure.subplots(2,1)

4.如果要向会矩形，圆形也可以。先导入from matplotlib.pyplot import Rectangle

# ax1=self.static_canvas.figure.add_subplot(111)

# # rect=Rectangle((0.3,0.75),0.6,0.7,color='g')

# rect=Rectangle((3,3),6,8,color='g')

# ax1.add_patch(rect)

完整代码：

from PyQt5.Qt import *
from PyQt5.uic import loadUi
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from  matplotlib.pyplot import Rectangle




class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        # loadUi('plot_gui.ui',self)
        # self.setWindowTitle("的学习")
        layout=QVBoxLayout()
        self.groupBox=QGroupBox()
        self.groupBox_2=QGroupBox()
        layout.addWidget(self.groupBox)
        layout.addWidget(self.groupBox_2)
        self.setLayout(layout)

        self.setup_ui()



    def setup_ui(self):
        self.static_canvas = FigureCanvas(Figure(figsize=(5,3)))
        layout=QVBoxLayout(self.groupBox)
        layout.addWidget(self.static_canvas)

        x=np.linspace(0,2*np.pi)
        y=np.cos(x)

        ax1,ax2= self.static_canvas.figure.subplots(2,1)
        ax1.plot(x,y)

        # ax1=self.static_canvas.figure.add_subplot(111)
        # ax1.plot(x,y)


        # ax1=self.static_canvas.figure.add_subplot(111)
        # # rect=Rectangle((0.3,0.75),0.6,0.7,color='g')
        # rect=Rectangle((3,3),6,8,color='g')
        # ax1.add_patch(rect)





if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    app=QApplication(sys.argv)

    win=Window()
    win.show()

from PyQt5.Qt import *
from PyQt5.uic import loadUi
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib.pyplot import Rectangle


class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        # loadUi('plot_gui.ui',self)
        # self.setWindowTitle("的学习")
        self.resize(900,700)
        layout = QVBoxLayout()
        self.groupBox = QGroupBox()
        self.groupBox_2 =  QGroupBox()
        layout.addWidget(self.groupBox)
        layout.addWidget(self.groupBox_2)
        self.setLayout(layout)

        self.setup_ui()

    def setup_ui(self):
        '''创建布局器，然后布局器里添加控件 比如画布，工具'''
        self.static_canvas = FigureCanvas(Figure(figsize=(5, 3)))#创建一个画布
        layout = QVBoxLayout(self.groupBox)
        layout.addWidget(self.static_canvas)

        x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi)
        y = np.cos(x)

        self.ax1, self.ax2 = self.static_canvas.figure.subplots(2, 1)
        self.ax1.plot(x, y)

        # ax1=self.static_canvas.figure.add_subplot(111)
        # ax1.plot(x,y)

        # ax1=self.static_canvas.figure.add_subplot(111)
        # # rect=Rectangle((0.3,0.75),0.6,0.7,color='g')
        # rect=Rectangle((3,3),6,8,color='g')
        # ax1.add_patch(rect)

        self.timer = QTimer()
        self.timer.timeout.connect(self.refresh_plot)
        self.timer.start(100)
        self.i = 0
        self.t = []
        self.s = []

        self.canvas_2 = FigureCanvas(Figure()) #创建第二个画布
        tool_bar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas_2,self.groupBox_2)
        layout2 = QVBoxLayout(self.groupBox_2) #创建布局器
        layout2.addWidget(self.canvas_2) #添加画布
        layout2.addWidget(tool_bar)      #添加工具

        t=np.linspace(0,10,501)
        self.ax3=self.canvas_2.figure.subplots()
        self.ax3.plot(t,np.sin(t)*np.cos(2*t))


    def refresh_plot(self):
        self.i += 0.01
        self.t.append(self.i)
        self.s.append(np.sin(2*np.pi*self.i))
        self.ax2.cla()
        self.ax2.plot(self.t,self.s)
        self.static_canvas.draw()



if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys

    app = QApplication(sys.argv)

    win = Window()
    win.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())