【作业】字符串2

1. 编写一个程序，交换指定字典的key和value。

     例如:dict1={'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}  -->  dict1={1:'a', 2:'b', 3:'c'}  
   

   dict1={'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
   dict2 = {}
   for key in dict1:
       new_key = dict1[key]
       new_vaule = key
       dict2[new_key] = new_vaule
   print(dict2)        # {1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c'}
   

2. 编写一个程序，提取指定字符串中所有的字母，然后拼接在一起产生一个新的字符串

      例如: 传入'12a&bc12d-+'   -->  'abcd'  
   

   str1 = '12a&bc12d-+'
   str2 = ''
   for x in str1:
       if 'a' <= x <= 'z' or 'A' <= x <= 'Z':
           str2 += x
   print(str2)     # abcd
   

3. 写一个自己的capitalize函数，能够将指定字符串的首字母变成大写字母

     例如: 'abc' -> 'Abc'   '12asd'  --> '12asd'
   

   str1 = '12asd'
   str2 = ''
   for x in str1:
       if 'a' <= x <= 'z':
           m = chr(ord(x) - 32)
           str2 = str1.replace(x, m)
           break
   print(str2)
   

4. 写程序实现endswith的功能，判断一个字符串是否已指定的字符串结束

      例如: 字符串1:'abc231ab' 字符串2:'ab' 函数结果为: True
           字符串1:'abc231ab' 字符串2:'ab1' 函数结果为: False
   

   str1 = 'abc231ab'
   str2 = '1ab'
   l2 = len(str2)
   if str2 in str1:
       if str1[-l2:] == str2:
           print('True')
   else:
       print('False')
   

5. 写程序实现isdigit的功能，判断一个字符串是否是纯数字字符串

      例如: '1234921'  结果: True
            '23函数'   结果: False
            'a2390'    结果: False
   

   str1 = input('输入：')
   for x in str1:
       if not ('0' <= x <= '9'):
           print('False')
           break
   else:
       print('True')
   

6. 写程序实现upper的功能，将一个字符串中所有的小写字母变成大写字母

       例如: 'abH23好rp1'   结果: 'ABH23好RP1'   
   

   str1 = 'abH23好rp1'
   str2 = ''
   for x in str1:
       if 'a' <= x <= 'z':
           str2 += chr(ord(x) - 32)
       else:
           str2 += x
   print(str2)     # ABH23好RP1
   

7. 写程序获取指定序列中元素的最大值。如果序列是字典，取字典值的最大值

      例如: 序列:[-7, -12, -1, -9]    结果: -1   
           序列:'abcdpzasdz'    结果: 'z'  
           序列:{'小明':90, '张三': 76, '路飞':30, '小花': 98}   结果: 98
   

   # xl1 = [-7, -12, -1, -9]
   # xl1 = 'abcdpzasdz'
   xl1 = {'小明': 90, '张三': 76, '路飞': 30, '小花': 98}
   list1 = []
   if type(xl1) == dict:
       for x in xl1:
           list1.append(xl1[x])
       list1.sort()
       print('最大值：', list1[-1])
   else:
       max1 = xl1[0]
       for x in xl1:
           if x > max1:
               max1 = x
       print('最大值：', max1)
   

8. 写程序实现replace函数的功能，将指定字符串中指定的旧字符串转换成指定的新字符串

       例如: 原字符串: 'how are you? and you?'   旧字符串: 'you'  新字符串:'me'  结果: 'how are me? and me?'
   

   msg = 'how are you? and you?'
   old_str = 'you'
   new_str = 'me'
   new_msg = ''
   index = 0
   while True:
       if msg[index:index+3] == old_str:
           new_msg += new_str
           index += 3
       else:
           new_msg += msg[index]
           index += 1
       if index == len(msg)-1:
           break
   print(new_msg)
   

9. 写程序实现split的功能，将字符串中指定子串作为切割点对字符串进行切割

   例如：原字符串: 'how are you? and you?'   切割点: 'you'  结果: ['how are ', '? and ', '?']
   

   # 方法1
   msg = 'how are you? and you?'
   str1 = 'you'
   str2 = ''
   list1 = []
   index = 0
   you_index = 0
   count1 = msg.count(str1)
   count2 = 0
   while True:
       if msg[index:index+3] == str1:
           list1.append(msg[you_index:index])
           you_index = index + 3
           index += 3
           count2 += 1
       else:
           index += 1
       if count1 == count2:
           list1.append(msg[index:])
           break
   print(list1)
   
   # 方法2
   msg = 'how are you? and you?'
   str1 = 'you'
   len1 = len(msg)
   len2 = len(str1)
   str2 = ''
   list1 = []
   index = 0
   while True:
    if msg[index:index+len2] != str1:
        str2 += msg[index]
        index += 1
    else:
        list1.append(str2)
        str2 = ''
        index += len2
   
    if index >= len1-1:
        break
   list1.append(str2)
   print(list1)
   

10. 用思维导图（xmind）总结四大容器：列表、字典、元组、集合