ServletContext的应用（共享数据、获取初始化参数、请求转发、读取资源文件）【源码解析】

ServletContext应用

1、共享数据

我在这个Servlet中保存的数据，可以在另外一个Servlet中拿到

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //this.getInitParameter(); 初始化参数
        //this.getServletConfig(); Servlet配置
        //this.getServletContext(); Servlet上下文
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username="克林";//数据
        context.setAttribute("username",username);  
        //将一个数据保存在ServletContext中  名字为：username  值：username
    }

}

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");

        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("名字"+username);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">


    <servlet>
      <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>com.kk.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/kk</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>get</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kk.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>get</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/get</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>



</web-app>

---

2、获取初始化参数

    <context-param>
        <param-name>url</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
    </context-param>

public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
        
    }
}

   <servlet>
        <servlet-name>gp</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kk.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>gp</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/gp</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

---

3、请求转发

public class ServletDemo04  extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        System.out.println("进入了ServletDemo04!");
        //RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp");//转发的请求路径
        //requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);  //调用forward方法实现请求转发
        context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp").forward(req,resp);


    }
}

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kk.servlet.ServletDemo04</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/sd4</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

---

4、读取资源文件

Properties

• 在java目录下新建Properties
• 在resources目录下新建Properties

发现：都被打包到了同一个路径下：class，俗称这个路径为classpath；

（用流读取文件资源）需要一个文件流

public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //第一个 /  不可以省略 ，代表当前路径下
        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.load(is);

        String user = prop.getProperty("username");
        String pwd = prop.getProperty("password");

        resp.getWriter().print(user+":"+pwd);
    }
}

  <servlet>
        <servlet-name>sd5</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kk.servlet.ServletDemo05</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>sd5</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/sd5</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>