pytorch深度学习实践（刘二大人）课堂代码——多分类问题

这节课也是课堂代码和课后作业分开更了~

我感觉这堂课内容还挺充实的，代码里需要注意或者补充的部分我都写了注释啦，大家不理解的地方可以看看有没有注释到~

import torch
from torchvision import transforms
from torchvision import datasets
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import torch.nn.functional as F #用relu
import torch.optim as optim

import urllib.request
opener = urllib.request.build_opener()
opener.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Mozilla/5.0')]
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)

batch_size = 64
transform = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.ToTensor(),  #将图像转为tensor，w*h*c → c*w*h, [0,255] → [0,1]
    transforms.Normalize((0.1307, ), (0.3081, ))  # 数据集的均值mean，标准差std
])

train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./datasets/mnist/',
                               train=True,
                               transform=transform,
                               download=True)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset,
                          batch_size=batch_size,
                          shuffle=True) 
test_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./datasets/mnist/',
                               train=False,
                               transform=transform,
                               download=True)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset,
                          batch_size=batch_size,
                          shuffle=False)

class Net(torch.nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Net, self).__init__()
        self.l1 = torch.nn.Linear(784, 512)   #28*28=784
        self.l2 = torch.nn.Linear(512, 256)
        self.l3 = torch.nn.Linear(256, 128)
        self.l4 = torch.nn.Linear(128, 64)
        self.l5 = torch.nn.Linear(64, 10)
    
    def forward(self, x):
        x = x.view(-1, 784)  #改变张量形状，变成二阶张量，-1自动计算出batch size
        x = F.relu(self.l1(x))
        x = F.relu(self.l2(x))
        x = F.relu(self.l3(x))
        x = F.relu(self.l4(x))
        return self.l5(x)  #此处不需要激活函数，直接接到softmax（计算损失的时候）
    
model = Net()

criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01, momentum=0.5)  #带冲量

def train(epoch):
    running_loss = 0.0
    for batch_idx, data in enumerate(train_loader, 0):
        inputs, target = data
        optimizer.zero_grad()

        outputs = model(inputs)
        loss = criterion(outputs, target)
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        running_loss += loss.item()
        if batch_idx % 300 == 299:
            print('[epoch:%d, iteration:%5d] loss: %.3f' % (epoch+1, batch_idx+1, running_loss/300))  #每过300轮输出一次，%5d指定了输出字段宽度为5个字符，%.3f表示保留3位小数
            running_loss = 0.0

def test():   #索引 batch_idx 用于控制训练过程中打印的频率,test 函数通常只在整个测试集上运行一次，只输出最终准确率
    correct = 0
    total = 0
    with torch.no_grad():
        for data in test_loader:
            images, labels = data
            outputs = model(images)  #输出的是batch里每个样本的分布构成的矩阵
            _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, dim=1) #沿着维度1（列）找最大值的下标，返回的是最大值及对应下标，因此前面用一个占位符
            total += labels.size(0)  #size就是（N, 1），取第0个元素就是N，其实就是累计测试集的总样本数
            correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()  #对应位置比较，相同为1不同为0，再计算比较结果的总和
    print('Accuracy on test set: %d %%' %(100*correct/total))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    for epoch in range(10):
        train(epoch)
        test()

结果：