图像处理之点运算（python实现）opencv

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点运算 是指按照某种灰度变换关系，逐像素地对图像中的每个像素的灰度值进⾏变换的⽅法。

点运算定义

设输入图像的灰度为f(x,y)，输出图像的灰度为g(x, y)， 则点运算可以表示为：
g(x, y) = T[f(x, y)]
灰度变换函数T[ ]，即点运算是⼀种像素的逐点运算，是灰度到灰度的映射过程， 故称为灰度变换函数。
若令f(x, y) 和 g(x, y)在任意点 (x, y) 的灰度级分别为 r 和 s，则灰度变换函数可简化表示为：
s = T[r]

线性点运算

s=ar+b

灰度反转（a=-1, b=0）

# -- coding: utf-8 --
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
img=cv2.imread("1.jpg",0)

# 获取图像高度和宽度
height = img.shape[0]
width = img.shape[1]

#创建一幅图像， uint8是专门用于存储各种图像的（包括RGB，灰度图像等），范围是从0–255
result = np.zeros((height, width), np.uint8)

# 图像灰度反转
for i in range(height):
    for j in range(width):
        gray = -(img[i, j])+255
        result[i, j] = np.uint8(gray)

# 显示图形
plt.figure(num='comparison')
titles = ['gray Image', 'gray scale inversion']
images = [img, result]
for i in range(2):
    plt.subplot(1, 2, i + 1)
    plt.imshow(images[i], 'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

灰度上移（b=50,a=1)

# -- coding: utf-8 --
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from math import log10
img=cv2.imread("1.jpg",0)

# 获取图像高度和宽度
height = img.shape[0]
width = img.shape[1]

#创建一幅图像， uint8是专门用于存储各种图像的（包括RGB，灰度图像等），范围是从0–255
result = np.zeros((height, width), np.uint8)
result1 = np.zeros((height, width), np.uint8)
# 图像灰度反转
for i in range(height):
    for j in range(width):
        if (img[i, j])+50>255:
            gray = 255
        else:
            gray = (img[i, j])+50
        result[i, j] = np.uint8(gray)

# 显示图形
plt.figure(num='comparison')
titles = ['gray Image', 'brightness increased']
images = [img, result]
for i in range(2):
    plt.subplot(1, 2, i + 1)
    plt.imshow(images[i], 'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

非线性点运算

对数变换（加亮减暗）

s=c*lg(1+r)

# -- coding: utf-8 --
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from math import log
img=cv2.imread("1.jpg",0)

img=np.double(img)
result=np.log10(img+1)
result= np.uint8(result*255/np.max(result))

plt.figure(num='comparison')
titles = ['gray Image', 'log']
images = [img, result]
for i in range(2):
    plt.subplot(1, 2, i + 1)
    plt.imshow(images[i], 'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

幂次变换

r=0.5 , c=1

# -- coding: utf-8 --
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from math import log10
img=cv2.imread("1.jpg",0)

img=np.double(img)
result=img**0.5
result= np.uint8(result*255/np.max(result))

# 显示图形
plt.figure(num='comparison')
titles = ['gray Image', 'r=0.5']
images = [img, result]
for i in range(2):
    plt.subplot(1, 2, i + 1)
    plt.imshow(images[i], 'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

r=2 , c=1

# -- coding: utf-8 --
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
img=cv2.imread("1.jpg",0)

img=np.double(img)
result=img**2
result= np.uint8(result*255/np.max(result))
print(result)

plt.figure(num='comparison')
titles = ['gray Image', 'r=2']
images = [img, result]
for i in range(2):
    plt.subplot(1, 2, i + 1)
    plt.imshow(images[i], 'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()