GA遗传算法实现记录 C++版本 解决多元函数最值问题

前言:

本文记录了自己在智能算法课程作业的实现代码设计,简单实现了遗传算法,所有代码为自己梳理了算法流程之后原创实现的!!!仅供参考,如果觉得有任何问题可以留言讨论~
别人的代码可以参考一些关键环节的实现,但是整体的框架设计以及具体实现还是要自己动手完成才有意义!!

另附
在查资料阶段参考的比较好的相关博客文章分享如下:
算法流程理解
c++实现参考
C++实现参考2

问题描述:

在这里插入图片描述

遗传算法实现流程

在这里插入图片描述

一、程序设计

1、辅助类设计

A)个体类
通过类成员函数以及构造函数,实现个体的编码与适应值计算等

class Individual {
public:
	double x;
	double y;
	vector<int>code;
	double fitness;
	double FitRatio;

	void init() {
				
		for (int i = 0; i < Len; i++) {
			double r = rand();
			int x = (r < RAND_MAX / 2) ? 0 : 1;
			code.push_back(x);
		}
	}
	double GetFitness() {
		return fitness = f(x, y);
	}
	void decode() {
		double ansX = 0, ansY = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < LenX1; i++)
			ansX = ansX * 2 + code[i];
		for (int i = LenX1; i < Len; i++)
			ansY = ansY * 2 + code[i];
		
		x = xl + (xr - xl) * ansX / (pow(2, LenX1) - 1);
		y = yl + (yr - yl) * ansY / (pow(2, LenX2) - 1);

	}
	Individual() {
		init();
		decode();
		GetFitness();
		FitRatio = 0;
	}
};

B) 种群类
通过类成员函数以及将个体类对象作为成员,实现种群的初始化,以及选择交叉变异等一系列操作等

class Group {
public:
	vector<Individual*>Current;
	vector<Individual*>Next;
	int CBestNo;
	double CBestVal;	int NBestNo;
	double NBestVal;
	Group() {
		CBestNo = -1;
		NBestNo = -1;
		NBestVal = -100;
		CBestVal = -100;

		double sum = 0; CBestVal = -100;
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			Individual* p = new Individual();
			double tem = p->fitness;
			sum += tem;
			if (tem > CBestVal) {
				CBestNo = i; CBestVal = tem;
			}
			Current.push_back(p);
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
			Current[i]->FitRatio = Current[i]->fitness / sum;
	}
	void Selection() {
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			int n = 0;
			double pos = ran(seed);
			double CheckPos = 0;
			while (1) {
				CheckPos += Current[n]->FitRatio;
				if (CheckPos >= pos)break;
				n++;
			}
			Next.push_back(Current[n]);
		}
	}
	void Cross() {
		vector<Individual*>Participants;
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			if (ran(seed) < Pcross)Participants.push_back(Next[i]);
		}
		int num = Participants.size();
				for (int i = 1; i < num; i += 2) {

						int dot = (rand() / RAND_MAX) *Len;
			int tem;
			for (int j = 0; j < dot; j++) {
				tem = Participants[i - 1]->code[j];
				Participants[i - 1]->code[j] = Participants[i]->code[j];
				Participants[i]->code[j] = tem;
			}
		}
	}
	void Mutate() {
		NBestVal = -100;
		double tem;
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < Len; j++) {
								if (ran(seed) < Pmutate)Next[i]->code[j] = !Next[i]->code[j];
			}
			Next[i]->decode();
			tem = Next[i]->GetFitness();
			if (tem > NBestVal) {
				NBestNo = i;
				NBestVal = tem;
			}
		}
	}
	void Evolute() {
		Selection();
		Cross();
		Mutate();
		if (NBestVal > CBestVal) {
			double sum = 0;
			for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
				sum += Next[i]->fitness;
				Current[i] = Next[i];
				Next[i] = nullptr;
			}
			for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
				Current[i]->FitRatio = Current[i]->fitness / sum;
			Next.resize(0);
			CBestNo = NBestNo;
			CBestVal = NBestVal;
		}
	}
};

2、求解染色体长度函数:

根据精度设置,得到所需的染色体长度:

void GetLen() {
	double XRange = (xr - xl) * pow(10, precision);
	int m = 1;
	while (1) {
		if (pow(2, m) - 1 >= XRange)break;
		m++;
	}
	double YRange = (yr - yl) * pow(10, precision);
	int n = 1;
	while (1) {
		if (pow(2, n) - 1 >= YRange)break;
		n++;
	}
	LenX1 = m;
	LenX2 = n;
	Len = m + n;

	}

3、个体编码(二进制编码)

void init() {
		for (int i = 0; i < Len; i++) {
			double r = rand();
			int x = (r < RAND_MAX / 2) ? 0 : 1;
			code.push_back(x);
		}
	}

注意此处0,1的随机数生成不可以使用!!!

srand((int)time(0));
int x=rand()%2;

由于每一次循环产生的随机序列都是一样的,这样会使得后面对于种群初始化的时候,每一个个体的编码都是一样的

对应的解码函数:

void decode() {
		double ansX = 0, ansY = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < LenX1; i++)
			ansX = ansX * 2 + code[i];
				for (int i = LenX1; i < Len; i++)
			ansY = ansY * 2 + code[i];
		x = xl + (xr - xl) * ansX / (pow(2, LenX1) - 1);
		y = yl + (yr - yl) * ansY / (pow(2, LenX2) - 1);
	}

注意如何实现了限制解码之后的数始终在所限制的变量范围内

4、适应度函数

double GetFitness() {
		return fitness = f(x, y);
	}//个体Individual类的函数
	
double f(double x, double y) {
	return 21.5 + x * sin(4 * Pi * x) + y * sin(20 * Pi * y);// 单独定义的函数
}

5、种群初始化

Group() {
		CBestNo = -1;
		NBestNo = -1;
		NBestVal = -100;
		CBestVal = -100;

		double sum = 0; CBestVal = -100;
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			Individual* p = new Individual();
			double tem = p->fitness;
			sum += tem;
			if (tem > CBestVal) {
				CBestNo = i; CBestVal = tem;
			}
			Current.push_back(p);
		}

		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
			Current[i]->FitRatio = Current[i]->fitness / sum;

	}

6、选择(轮盘赌)

void Selection() {	
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			int n = 0;
			double pos = ran(seed);
			double CheckPos = 0;
			while (1) {
				CheckPos += Current[n]->FitRatio;
				if (CheckPos >= pos)break;
				n++;
			}
			Next.push_back(Current[n]);
		}
	}

7、单点交叉

void Cross() {
		vector<Individual*>Participants;
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			if (ran(seed) < Pcross)Participants.push_back(Next[i]);
		}
		int num = Participants.size();
				for (int i = 1; i < num; i += 2) {

						int dot = (rand() / RAND_MAX) *Len;
			int tem;
			for (int j = 0; j < dot; j++) {
				tem = Participants[i - 1]->code[j];
				Participants[i - 1]->code[j] = Participants[i]->code[j];
				Participants[i]->code[j] = tem;
			}
		}
	}

8、变异

void Mutate() {
		NBestVal = -100;
		double tem;
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < Len; j++) 
				if (ran(seed) < Pmutate)Next[i]->code[j] = !Next[i]->code[j];
			
			Next[i]->decode();
			tem = Next[i]->GetFitness();
			if (tem > NBestVal) {
				NBestNo = i;
				NBestVal = tem;
			}
		}
	}

9、种群进化

void Evolute() {
		Selection();
		Cross();
		Mutate();
		if (NBestVal > CBestVal) {
			double sum = 0;
			for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
				sum += Next[i]->fitness;
				Current[i] = Next[i];
				Next[i] = nullptr;
			}
			for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
				Current[i]->FitRatio = Current[i]->fitness / sum;
			Next.resize(0);

			CBestNo = NBestNo;
			CBestVal = NBestVal;
		}
	}

二、问题求解

1、给定参数

在这里插入图片描述

完整代码
#include <iostream>
#include<vector>
#include <cmath>
#include<algorithm>
#include<ctime>
#include<random>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;


const double Pi = 3.14159265358979323846;
const double Pcross = 0.7;const double Pmutate = 0.07;const int GMax = 2000;const int N = 100;

int Len;
int LenX1;
int LenX2;
int precision = 4;

double xl = -3.0, xr = 12.1, yl = 4.1, yr = 5.8;

default_random_engine seed(time(0));
uniform_real_distribution<double> ran(0, 1);

void GetLen() {
	double XRange = (xr - xl) * pow(10, precision);
	int m = 1;
	while (1) {
		if (pow(2, m) - 1 >= XRange)break;
		m++;
	}
	double YRange = (yr - yl) * pow(10, precision);
	int n = 1;
	while (1) {
		if (pow(2, n) - 1 >= YRange)break;
		n++;
	}
	LenX1 = m;
	LenX2 = n;
	Len = m + n;

	}

double f(double x, double y) {
	return 21.5 + x * sin(4 * Pi * x) + y * sin(20 * Pi * y);
}

class Individual {
public:
	double x;
	double y;
	vector<int>code;
	double fitness;
	double FitRatio;

	void init() {
		for (int i = 0; i < Len; i++) {
			double r = rand();
			int x = (r < RAND_MAX / 2) ? 0 : 1;
			code.push_back(x);
		}
	}
	double GetFitness() {
		return fitness = f(x, y);
	}
	void decode() {
		double ansX = 0, ansY = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < LenX1; i++)
			ansX = ansX * 2 + code[i];
				for (int i = LenX1; i < Len; i++)
			ansY = ansY * 2 + code[i];

		x = xl + (xr - xl) * ansX / (pow(2, LenX1) - 1);
		y = yl + (yr - yl) * ansY / (pow(2, LenX2) - 1);

	}
	Individual() {
		init();
		decode();
		GetFitness();
		FitRatio = 0;
	}
};

class Group {
public:
	vector<Individual*>Current;
	vector<Individual*>Next;
	int CBestNo;
	double CBestVal;	int NBestNo;
	double NBestVal;
	Group() {
		CBestNo = -1;
		NBestNo = -1;
		NBestVal = -100;
		CBestVal = -100;

		double sum = 0; CBestVal = -100;
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			Individual* p = new Individual();
			double tem = p->fitness;
			sum += tem;
			if (tem > CBestVal) {
				CBestNo = i; CBestVal = tem;
			}
			Current.push_back(p);
		}

		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
			Current[i]->FitRatio = Current[i]->fitness / sum;

	}
	void Selection() {	
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			int n = 0;
			double pos = ran(seed);
			double CheckPos = 0;
			while (1) {
				CheckPos += Current[n]->FitRatio;
				if (CheckPos >= pos)break;
				n++;
			}
			Next.push_back(Current[n]);
		}
	}
	void Cross() {
		vector<Individual*>Participants;
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			if (ran(seed) < Pcross)Participants.push_back(Next[i]);
		}
		int num = Participants.size();
				for (int i = 1; i < num; i += 2) {

						int dot = (rand() / RAND_MAX) *Len;
			int tem;
			for (int j = 0; j < dot; j++) {
				tem = Participants[i - 1]->code[j];
				Participants[i - 1]->code[j] = Participants[i]->code[j];
				Participants[i]->code[j] = tem;
			}
		}
	}
	void Mutate() {
		NBestVal = -100;
		double tem;
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < Len; j++) 
				if (ran(seed) < Pmutate)Next[i]->code[j] = !Next[i]->code[j];
			
			Next[i]->decode();
			tem = Next[i]->GetFitness();
			if (tem > NBestVal) {
				NBestNo = i;
				NBestVal = tem;
			}
		}
	}
	void Evolute() {
		Selection();
		Cross();
		Mutate();
		if (NBestVal > CBestVal) {
			double sum = 0;
			for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
				sum += Next[i]->fitness;
				Current[i] = Next[i];
				Next[i] = nullptr;
			}
			for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
				Current[i]->FitRatio = Current[i]->fitness / sum;
			Next.resize(0);

			CBestNo = NBestNo;
			CBestVal = NBestVal;
		}
	}
};


int main() {
			GetLen();
	Group generation;

	for (int i = 0; i < GMax; i++) 
		generation.Evolute();
	cout << "BestVal: " << generation.CBestVal << " with X1= " << generation.Current[generation.CBestNo]->x << ",X2= " << generation.Current[generation.CBestNo]->y << endl;

}

2、调查参数

在这里插入图片描述

完整代码

主函数不一样

int main() {
			
	GetLen();

	ofstream fout1("Ans.txt");//完整记录的文件
	ofstream fout2("BestVal.txt"); //记录答案的文件(按照python列表的格式,方便后续可视化)
	
	fout2 << "结果是:[ "<<endl;
	fout1 << "Pc" << '\t' << "Pm" << '\t' << "BestVal" << endl;

	for (double i = 0.1; i < 1; i+=0.1) {
		Pcross = i;
		for (double j = 0.01; j <0.1; j+=0.01) {
			Pmutate = j;
			double ans = 0;
			for (int k = 0; k < 30; k++) {
				Group generation;
				for (int i = 0; i < GMax; i++) 
					generation.Evolute();
				ans += generation.CBestVal;
			}
			ans /= 30;
			fout1 << Pcross << '\t' << Pmutate << '\t' << ans << endl;
			fout2 << ans << ", "<<endl;

			cout << Pcross << '\t' << Pmutate << '\t' << ans << endl;
		}
	}
	fout1.close(); 
	fout2.close(); 
}
利用python进行平面图像拟合

在这里插入图片描述

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