>- **🍨 本文为[🔗365天深度学习训练营](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/0dvHCaOoFnW8SCp3JpzKxg) 中的学习记录博客**
>- **🍖 原作者：[K同学啊](https://mtyjkh.blog.csdn.net/)**
- 语言环境：Python3.8
- 编译器：Jupyter Lab
- 深度学习环境：
- torch==1.12.1+cpu
- torchvision==0.13.1+cpu
目录
0. MNIST手写数字数据集介绍
- MNIST手写数字数据集来源于是美国国家标准与技术研究所，是著名的公开数据集之一。
- 数据集中的数字图片是由250个不同职业的人纯手写绘制，数据集获取的网址为：MNIST handwritten digit database, Yann LeCun, Corinna Cortes and Chris Burges（下载后需解压）。
- 我们一般会采用
(train_images, train_labels), (test_images, test_labels) = datasets.mnist.load_data()这行代码直接调用，这样就比较简单
1. 前期准备
1. 1设置cpu：
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import torchvision
# 设置硬件设备，如果有GPU则使用，没有则使用cpu
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
device代码输出：
device(type='cpu')1.2 导入数据
使用dataset下载MNIST数据集，并划分好训练集与测试集
train_ds = torchvision.datasets.MNIST('data',
train=True,
transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(), # 将数据类型转化为Tensor
download=True)
test_ds = torchvision.datasets.MNIST('data',
train=False,
transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(), # 将数据类型转化为Tensor
download=True)使用dataloader加载数据，并设置好基本的batch_size
batch_size = 32
train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_ds,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True)
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_ds,
batch_size=batch_size)# 取一个批次查看数据格式
# 数据的shape为：[batch_size, channel, height, weight]
# 其中batch_size为自己设定，channel，height和weight分别是图片的通道数，高度和宽度。
imgs, labels = next(iter(train_dl))
imgs.shape代码输出：
torch.Size([32, 1, 28, 28])
1.3 数据可视化
import numpy as np
# 指定图片大小，图像大小为20宽、5高的绘图(单位为英寸inch)
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 5))
for i, imgs in enumerate(imgs[:20]):
# 维度缩减
npimg = np.squeeze(imgs.numpy())
# 将整个figure分成2行10列，绘制第i+1个子图。
plt.subplot(2, 10, i+1)
plt.imshow(npimg, cmap=plt.cm.binary)
plt.axis('off')
2. 构建简单的CNN网络
import torch.nn.functional as F
num_classes = 10 # 图片的类别数
class Model(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
# 特征提取网络
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 32, kernel_size=3) # 第一层卷积,卷积核大小为3*3
self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2) # 设置池化层，池化核大小为2*2
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=3) # 第二层卷积,卷积核大小为3*3
self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2)
# 分类网络
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(1600, 64)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(64, num_classes)
# 前向传播
def forward(self, x):
x = self.pool1(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))
x = self.pool2(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))
x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)
x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
x = self.fc2(x)
return x加载并打印模型：
from torchinfo import summary
# 将模型转移到GPU中（我们模型运行均在GPU中进行）
model = Model().to(device)
summary(model)输出：
=================================================================
Layer (type:depth-idx) Param #
=================================================================
Model --
├─Conv2d: 1-1 320
├─MaxPool2d: 1-2 --
├─Conv2d: 1-3 18,496
├─MaxPool2d: 1-4 --
├─Linear: 1-5 102,464
├─Linear: 1-6 650
=================================================================
Total params: 121,930
Trainable params: 121,930
Non-trainable params: 0
=================================================================3. 训练模型
3.1 设置超参数
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数
learn_rate = 1e-2 # 学习率
opt = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=learn_rate)3.2 编写训练函数
# 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
size = len(dataloader.dataset) # 训练集的大小，一共60000张图片
num_batches = len(dataloader) # 批次数目，1875（60000/32）
train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0 # 初始化训练损失和正确率
for X, y in dataloader: # 获取图片及其标签
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
# 计算预测误差
pred = model(X) # 网络输出
loss = loss_fn(pred, y) # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距，targets为真实值，计算二者差值即为损失
# 反向传播
optimizer.zero_grad() # grad属性归零
loss.backward() # 反向传播
optimizer.step() # 每一步自动更新
# 记录acc与loss
train_acc += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
train_loss += loss.item()
train_acc /= size
train_loss /= num_batches
return train_acc, train_loss3.3 编写测试函数
def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
size = len(dataloader.dataset) # 测试集的大小，一共10000张图片
num_batches = len(dataloader) # 批次数目，313（10000/32=312.5，向上取整）
test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
# 当不进行训练时，停止梯度更新，节省计算内存消耗
with torch.no_grad():
for imgs, target in dataloader:
imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
# 计算loss
target_pred = model(imgs)
loss = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
test_loss += loss.item()
test_acc += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()
test_acc /= size
test_loss /= num_batches
return test_acc, test_loss3.4 正式训练
epochs = 5
train_loss = []
train_acc = []
test_loss = []
test_acc = []
for epoch in range(epochs):
model.train()
epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, opt)
model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%，Test_loss:{:.3f}')
print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss))
print('Done')代码输出：
Epoch: 1, Train_acc:80.3%, Train_loss:0.696, Test_acc:93.8%，Test_loss:0.219
Epoch: 2, Train_acc:94.6%, Train_loss:0.179, Test_acc:96.7%，Test_loss:0.115
Epoch: 3, Train_acc:96.6%, Train_loss:0.113, Test_acc:97.5%，Test_loss:0.083
Epoch: 4, Train_acc:97.3%, Train_loss:0.089, Test_acc:97.9%，Test_loss:0.068
Epoch: 5, Train_acc:97.7%, Train_loss:0.075, Test_acc:97.7%，Test_loss:0.074
Done4.结果可视化
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") #忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100 #分辨率
epochs_range = range(epochs)
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()代码输出：
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