案例描述:实现一个通用数组类
- 可以对内置数据类型以及自定义数据类型的数据进行存储
- 将数组中的数据存储到堆区
- 构造函数中可以传入数组的容量
- 提供对应的拷贝构造函数以及operator=防止浅拷贝问题
- 提供尾插法和尾删法对数组中的数据进行增加和删除
- 可以通过下标的方式访问数组中的元素
- 可以获取数组中当前元素个数和数组的容量
分析:
MyArray.hpp
//自己的通用数组类
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template<class T>
class MyArray {
public:
MyArray(int capacity) {//有参构造 参数 容量
//cout << "MyArray有参构造调用" << endl;
this->m_Capacity = capacity;
this->m_Size = 0;
this->pAddress = new T[this->m_Capacity];
}
//拷贝构造
MyArray(const MyArray& arr) {
//cout << "MyArray拷贝构造调用" << endl;
this->m_Capacity = arr.m_Capacity;
this->m_Size = arr.m_Size;
//this->pAddress = arr.pAddress; 指针不能这样赋值,浅拷贝会出问题
//深拷贝
this->pAddress = new T[arr.m_Capacity];
//将arr中数据都拷贝过来
for (int i = 0; i < this->m_Size; i++) {
//普通类型可以直接= 但指针类型需要深拷贝
this->pAddress[i] = arr.pAddress[i];
}
}
//重载 操作符 operator= 防止浅拷贝问题
MyArray& operator=(const MyArray&arr) {
//cout << "MyArray 的 operator= 调用" << endl;
//先判断原来堆区是否有数据,如有先释放数据
if (this->pAddress != NULL) {
delete[]this->pAddress;
this->pAddress = NULL;
this->m_Capacity = 0;
this->m_Size = 0;
}
//深拷贝
this->m_Capacity = arr.m_Capacity;
this->m_Size = arr.m_Size;
this->pAddress = new T[arr.m_Capacity];
for (int i = 0; i < this->m_Size; i++) {
this->pAddress[i] = arr.pAddress[i];
}
return *this;
}
//尾插法
void Push_Back(const T& val) {
//判断容量是否等于大小
if (this->m_Capacity == this->m_Size) {
return;
}
this->pAddress[this->m_Size] = val;//在数组末尾插入数据
this->m_Size++;//Size同步更新,更新数组大小
}
//尾删法
void Pop_Back() {
//让用户访问不到最后一个元素,即为尾删,逻辑删除
if (this->m_Size == 0) {
return;
}
this->m_Size--;
}
//重载[] 通过下标方式访问数组中的元素 arr[0] = 100
T& operator[](int index) {
return this->pAddress[index];
}
//返回数组容量
int getCapacity() {
return this->m_Capacity;
}
//返回数组大小
int getSize() {
return this->m_Size;
}
//析构函数
~MyArray() {
if (this->pAddress != NULL) {
//cout << "MyArray析构函数调用" << endl;
delete[]this->pAddress;
this->pAddress = NULL;
}
}
private:
T* pAddress;//指针指向堆区开辟的真实数组
int m_Capacity;//数组容量
int m_Size;//数组大小
};
测试.cpp
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include"MyArray.hpp"
#include<string>
void printIntArray(MyArray<int>&arr) {
for (int i = 0; i < arr.getSize(); i++) {
cout << arr[i] << endl;//测中括号索引
}
}
void test01() {
MyArray<int>arr1(5);//MyArray有参构造调用
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
//利用尾插法向数组中插入数据
arr1.Push_Back(i);//测尾插法
}
cout << "arr1的打印输出为: " << endl;
printIntArray(arr1);
cout << "arr1的容量为: " << arr1.getCapacity() << endl;//5
cout << "arr1的大小为: " << arr1.getSize() << endl;//5
MyArray<int>arr2(arr1);//MyArray拷贝构造调用
cout << "arr2的打印输出为: " << endl;
printIntArray(arr2);
//尾删
arr2.Pop_Back();
cout << "arr2尾删后:" << endl;
cout << "arr2的容量为: " << arr2.getCapacity() << endl;//5
cout << "arr2的大小为: " << arr2.getSize() << endl;//4
//MyArray<int>arr3(100);//MyArray有参构造调用
//arr3 = arr1;//MyArray 的 operator= 调用
//MyArray析构函数调用
//MyArray析构函数调用
//MyArray析构函数调用
}
//测试自定义数据类型
class Person {
public:
Person() {};
Person(string name, int age) {
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
void printPersonArray(MyArray<Person>& arr) {
for (int i = 0; i < arr.getSize(); i++) {
cout << "姓名:" << arr[i].m_Name << "\t年龄:" << arr[i].m_Age << endl;
}
}
void test02() {
MyArray<Person> arr(10);
Person p1("一一一",55);
Person p2("尔尔", 42);
Person p3("思思", 34);
Person p4("娃娃", 25);
Person p5("丽丽", 8);
//将数据插入到数组中
arr.Push_Back(p1);
arr.Push_Back(p2);
arr.Push_Back(p3);
arr.Push_Back(p4);
arr.Push_Back(p5);
//打印数组
printPersonArray(arr);
cout << "arr容量为: " << arr.getCapacity() << endl;//10
cout << "arr大小为: " << arr.getSize() << endl;//5
}
int main() {
test01();
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}