c++ 11 中 function,lambda,bind之间关系
- 什么是 function、 lambda,bind?用来做什么?怎么用?
- function,lambda,bind 之间有什么关系?
- 具体怎么实现?
function 实例
//function 是一个抽象了函数参数以及函数返回值的类模板
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
void hello(int count) {
cout << "hello gq:" << count << endl;
}
class StaticFunc {
public:
static void hello(int count) {
cout << "StaticFunc::hello gq:" << count << endl;
}
};
class Hello {
public:
void operator() (int count) {
i += count;
cout << "Hello::hello gq:" << i << endl;
}
void operator() (int a, int b) {
cout << "Hello::hello gq:a+b=" << a + b << endl;
}
int i = 0;
};
class CHello {
public:
void hello(int count) {
cout << "CHello::hello gq:" << count << endl;
}
};
class LambdaHello { //注意:类比lambda表达式展开
public:
LambdaHello(int _i) : i(_i) {}
void operator()(int count) {
i ++;
cout << "lambda hello gq:" << count << " i=" << i << endl;
}
private:
int i;
};
class BindHello { //相当于auto f_hello9 = bind(&hello, 9); 的展开
public:
BindHello(function<void(int)> _fn, int _count) : fn(_fn), count(_count) {};
void operator()() {
fn(count);
}
private:
function<void(int)> fn;
int count;
};
class BindCHello { //相当于f_hello11 = bind(&CHello::hello, &c, placeholders::_1); 的展开
public:
typedef void (CHello::*Fn)(int);
BindCHello(Fn _fn, CHello *_c) : fn(_fn), c(_c) {}
void operator() (int count) {
(c->*fn)(count);
}
private:
Fn fn;
CHello* c;
};
int main(){
function<void(int)> f_hello1 = hello; //保存普通函数;<void(int)>抽象函数参数和返回值
f_hello1(1); //hello gq:1
function<void(int)> f_hello2 = &hello; //指向具体函数的地址或者具体函数
f_hello2(1); //hello gq:1
function<void(int)> f_hello3 = &StaticFunc::hello; //保存类的静态成员函数
f_hello3(2); //StaticFunc::hello gq:2
cout << "======保存仿函数:有状态,通过成员变量进行存储状态:======" << endl;
function<void(int)> f_hello4 = Hello(); //调用默认构造生成仿函数对象
f_hello4(4); //Hello::hello gq:4
f_hello4(4); //Hello::hello gq:8
function<void(int,int)> f_hello5 = Hello();
f_hello5(5, 6); //Hello::hello gq:a+b=11
cout << "======保存类成员函数======" << endl;
function<void(CHello*, int)> f_hello6 = &CHello::hello;
CHello c;
f_hello6(&c, 7); //CHello::hello gq:7
cout << "======保存lambda表达式======" << endl;
int i = 0;
auto f_hello7 = [i](int count) mutable -> void { //如若修改外部变量则采用[&i]
i ++;
cout << "lambda hello gq:" << count << " i=" << i << endl;
};
f_hello7(8); //lambda hello gq:8 i=1
f_hello7(8); //lambda hello gq:8 i=2
cout << "外部变量 i=" << i << "不修改外部变量" << endl;
auto f_hello8 = LambdaHello(i); //这里 i 参数相当于值传递
f_hello8(9); //lambda hello gq:9 i=1
cout << "======保存bind返回的函数对象======" << endl;
auto f_hello9 = bind(&hello, 9); //绑定普通函数 对应
f_hello9(); //hello gq:9
auto f_hello10 = bind(&CHello::hello, &c, 10); //绑定类成员函数
f_hello10(); //CHello::hello gq:10
auto f_hello11 = bind(&CHello::hello, &c, placeholders::_1); //提供占位符
f_hello11(11); //CHello::hello gq:11
auto f_hello12 = BindHello(&hello, 9); //等价于f_hello9()
f_hello12(); //hello gq:9
auto f_hello13 = BindCHello(&CHello::hello, &c); //等价于f_hello11()
f_hello13(11); //CHello::hello gq:11
return 0;
}
代码执行结果:
hello gq:1
hello gq:1
StaticFunc::hello gq:2
======保存仿函数:有状态,通过成员变量进行存储状态:======
Hello::hello gq:4
Hello::hello gq:8
Hello::hello gq:a+b=11
======保存类成员函数======
CHello::hello gq:7
======保存lambda表达式======
lambda hello gq:8 i=1
lambda hello gq:8 i=2
外部变量 i=0不修改外部变量
lambda hello gq:9 i=1
======保存bind返回的函数对象======
hello gq:9
CHello::hello gq:10
CHello::hello gq:11
hello gq:9
CHello::hello gq:11
注意:
- lambda 表达式展开类比。
- bind 绑定普通成员函数展开。
- bind 绑定类成员函数展开。
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