背景-函数重载需要写很多次
function templates
以上,编译器并不会生成机器代码。
显式实例化- 编译器会生成三个不同的函数
以上的实例化为显示实例化。
隐式实例化
#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
T sum(T x, T y)
{
cout << "The input type is " << typeid(T).name() << endl;
return x + y;
}
int main()
{
// Implicitly instantiates product<int>(int, int)
cout << "sum = " << sum<int>(2.2f, 3.0f) << endl;
// Implicitly instantiates product<float>(float, float)
cout << "sum = " << sum(2.2f, 3.0f) << endl;
return 0;
}
输入类型为结构体-特例化
#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
T sum(T x, T y)
{
cout << "The input type is " << typeid(T).name() << endl;
return x + y;
}
struct Point
{
int x;
int y;
};
// Specialization for Point + Point operation//这里要对比实例化,特例化不能落了<>
template<>
Point sum<Point>(Point pt1, Point pt2)
{
cout << "The input type is " << typeid(pt1).name() << endl;
Point pt;
pt.x = pt1.x + pt2.x;
pt.y = pt1.y + pt2.y;
return pt;
}
int main()
{
//Explicit instantiated functions
cout << "sum = " << sum(1, 2) << endl;
cout << "sum = " << sum(1.1, 2.2) << endl;
Point pt1 {1, 2};
Point pt2 {2, 3};
Point pt = sum(pt1, pt2);
cout << "pt = (" << pt.x << ", " << pt.y << ")" << endl;
return 0;
}