学习C++的第八天（结构体）

1.结构特的定义与使用

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct student
{
	string name;
	int age;
	double score;
}s3;

int main()
{
	//定义一
	//struct student s1;
	student s1;	//c++中结构体在创建变量时关键字可以省但在定义是不能省
	s1.age = 17;
	s1.name = "张三";
	s1.score = 100;
	cout << "姓名:" << s1.name << "年龄:" << s1.age << "分数:" << s1.score << endl;
	//定义二
	struct student s2 = {"李四",19,80};
	cout << "姓名:" << s2.name << "年龄:" << s2.age << "分数:" << s2.score << endl;
	//定义三
	s3.age = 18;
	s3.name = "王五";
	s3.score = 60;
	cout << "姓名:" << s3.name << "年龄:" << s3.age << "分数:" << s3.score << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

2.结构体数组

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct student
{
	string name;
	int age;
	double score;
};

int main()
{
	int i;
	struct student stuArray[3] = { {"张三",18,100 },{"李四",19,99},{"王五",20,101} };
	stuArray[2].name = "赵六";	//把数组中的第三个元素替换了
	stuArray[2].age = 18;
	stuArray[2].score = 20;
	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		cout << "姓名:" << stuArray[i].name << "年龄:" << stuArray[i].age << "分数:" << stuArray[i].score << endl;
	}
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

3.结构体指针

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct student
{
	string name;
	int age;
	double score;
};

int main()
{
	struct student *p;
	struct student s1;
	s1.age = 18;
	s1.name = "zhangsan";
	s1.score = 123;
	p = &s1;
	cout << "姓名:" << s1.name << "年龄:" << s1.age << "分数:" << s1.score << endl;
	cout << "姓名:" << p->name << "年龄:" << p->age << "分数:" << p->score << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

4.结构体嵌套结构体

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct student
{
	int age;
	string name;
	double score;

};

struct teacher
{
	int id;
	string name;
	int age;
	struct student s1;
};

int main()
{
	struct teacher t1;
	t1.id = 1000;
	t1.age = 34;
	t1.name = "老王";
	t1.s1.name = "小王";
	t1.s1.age = 12;
	t1.s1.score = 99;

	cout << "老师的姓名： " << t1.name << " 老师的年龄： " << t1.age << " 老师的编号： " << t1.id << " 老师辅导的学生姓名： " << t1.s1.name << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

5.结构体做函数参数

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct student
{
	int age;
	string name;
	double score;
};

//值传递
void printmsg1(struct student s)
{
	s.age = 100;
	cout << "子函数1中打印 姓名：" << s.name << " 年龄：" << s.age << " 考试分数: " << s.score << endl;
}

//地址传递
void printmsg2(struct student *s)
{
	s->age = 100;
	cout << "子函数2中打印 姓名：" << s->name << " 年龄：" << s->age << " 考试分数: " << s->score << endl;
}
int main()
{
	struct student *p;
	struct student s1;
	s1.age = 19;
	s1.name = "张三";
	s1.score = 123;
	p = &s1;
	cout << "main函数中打印 姓名：" << s1.name << " 年龄：" << s1.age << " 考试分数: " << s1.score << endl;
	printmsg1(s1);
	cout << "子函数1改变年龄后为：" << s1.age << endl;	//19实参改变失败
	//printmsg2(&s1);
	printmsg2(p);
	cout << "子函数2改变年龄后为：" << s1.age << endl;	//100实参改变成功
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.结构体中const使用场景

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct student
{
	string name;
	int age;
	double score;
};

//将函数的形参改为指针，可以减少内存空间，而且不会复制新的副本出来
void printStudent(const struct student *s)
{
	//s->age = 100;	//加入const后，一旦有修改操作就会报错，可以防止我们误操作
	cout << "姓名： " << s->name << "  年龄： " << s->age << "  分数： " << s->score << endl;
}

int main()
{
	struct student s1 = {"张三",15,89.5};
	printStudent(&s1);
	cout << "姓名： " << s1.name << "  年龄： " << s1.age << "  分数： " << s1.score << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

7.结构体项目

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

struct student
{
	double score;
	string name;
};

struct teacher
{
	string tname;
	struct student sarray[5];
};


void allocate(struct teacher tarray[],int len)
{
	string nameSeed = "ABCDE";
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		tarray[i].tname = "teacher_";
		tarray[i].tname += nameSeed[i];

		for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
		{
			tarray[i].sarray[j].name = "student_";
			tarray[i].sarray[j].name += nameSeed[j];

			int random = rand() % 61 + 40;	//40-100的一个随机数
			tarray[i].sarray[j].score = random;
		}
	}
}

void printInfo(struct teacher tarray[],int len)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		cout << "老师的姓名： " << tarray[i].tname << endl;
		for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
		{
			cout << "\t学生姓名： " << tarray[i].sarray[j].name << 
				" 考试的分数： " << tarray[i].sarray[j].score << endl;
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	//随机数种子
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	struct teacher tarray[3];
	allocate(tarray, sizeof(tarray) / sizeof(tarray[0]));

	printInfo(tarray, sizeof(tarray) / sizeof(tarray[0]));
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

8.结构体案例2

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

//1.设计英雄的结构体
struct Hero
{
	string name;
	int age;
	string sex;
};

void bubbleSort(struct Hero harray[],int len)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < len - i - 1 ;j++)
		{
			if (harray[j].age > harray[j + 1].age)
			{
				struct Hero temp = harray[j];
				harray[j] = harray[j + 1];
				harray[j + 1] = temp;
			}
		}
	}

}

void printHero(struct Hero harray[], int len)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		cout << "姓名： " << harray[i].name << "年龄： " << harray[i].age << "性别" << harray[i].sex << endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
	//2.创建数组存放五名英雄
	struct Hero harray[5] = { {"刘备",23,"男"},{"关羽",22,"男"},{"张飞",21,"男"},{"赵云",20,"男"},{"貂蝉",19,"男"} };
	int len = sizeof(harray) / sizeof(harray[0]);

	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		cout << "姓名： " << harray[i].name << "年龄： " << harray[i].age << "性别" << harray[i].sex << endl;
	}
	//3.对数据进行排序，按年龄进行升序排序
	bubbleSort(harray,len);

	//4.打印排序后的结果
	cout << "排序后的打印结果" << endl;
	printHero(harray,len);

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}