2021年6月17日大学英语四一课一练阅读理解2-1

舒服：
可是舒适的环境也会让人感到不适。

*The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living.People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor.Economists study the causes of the poverty in order to find solutions to problems.

2： As the general standard of living in the country rises,the poverty line does,too.Therefore,even with today’s relatively high standard of living,about 10 percent of the people in the United states are below the poverty line.However,if there people had stable jobs,they could have an acceptable standard of living.Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.

For one thing,more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work.4：Over 40 percent of the poor people are children.3：By law,children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries: 4：A large number of poor people are old.Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old,the normal retirement age.

Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons:they are sick,they do not have any motivation.They have family problems,or they do not believe that they can find a job.

Other poor look for a job but cannot find one.Many poor adults never went high school.Therefore,when they look for jobs,they have few skills that they can offer.
At the present time,the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways.

First,if the national economy grows,businesses and industries hire more workers.Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment.Then they will no longer be below the poverty line.

Second,if society invests in the poor,the poor will become more productive.If the government spends money on social programs,education,and training for poor people,the poor will have the skills to offer.Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.

Finally,if the government distributes society’s income differently,it raises some poor people above the poverty line.The government collects taxes from the non-poor and gives money to the poor.These payments to the poor are called welfare.In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.

5：Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem.However,at the present time,many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.*

全文翻译：（1作者的主要目的：寻找方法解决贫困的问题）
贫穷线指的是人们对于可接受的生活标准所需要的最低收入。收入在贫穷线的人们会被认为贫困人群。经济学者们为了找到应对这个问题的方法正在研究导致贫穷的原因。
随着国家总体水平的提高，贫困线也随之提高了。因此，在美国，即使现在有相对较高生活水平，但是仍然有10%的人生活在贫困线以下。
一方面，在美国超过一半的穷人没有资格去工作。插过40%的穷人都是孩子。法律规定，年龄小于16周岁的孩子不能在许多行业工作。剩下的穷人大多数都是老龄人员。许多公司不会再去超过65岁这个普遍退休年龄的人。
一些贫困的成年人因为各种各样的个人原因而不去找工作：比如，他们生病了，他们没有动力，他们有家庭问题，他们不认为自己可以找到工作。
另外一些穷人找工作但是找不到。许多成年的穷人从来没有去过高校。因此，在他们找工作的时候，他们只能提供很少的技能。
政府认为现在可以采取以下的措施来减少国家的贫穷人口。
第一：如果国民经济增长，企业和工业就会雇佣更多的工人。一些能胜任工作的穷人将可以找到工作。他们将不再处于贫困线之下。
第二：如果社会可以向穷人投资，那么他们将会更有生产力。如果政府可以花钱在穷人的社会事业，教育或者培训上，穷人就能掌握并提供一些技能。在此之后他们便更有可能找到工作。
最后：如果政府可以采用不同的分配制度，那将帮助一部分人处在贫困线之上。政府向非穷人征税，然后再把钱给穷人。这种方式对于穷人来说是一种福利。在1975年的美国超过1800万的人得到了福利。
一些经济学者正在寻找更好的方法解决贫困问题。然而，目前仍有许多人依靠福利来获得可接受的最低生活水平。