Anisble中的任务执行控制

Anisble中的任务执行控制

目录

一、循环

1、简单循环

2、循环散列或字典列表

二、条件判定

1、when条件语句

2、条件判断

三、触发器

四、 处理失败任务

1、ignore_errors

2、force_handlers

3、changed_when

4、failed_when

5、block

---

一、循环

1、简单循环

使用loop赋值列表的格式：

loop:  ##赋值列表
- value1
- value2
- ...
{{item}}  ##迭代变量名称

2、循环散列或字典列表

• 可以赋予不同的服务不同的状态

- name: create file
 hosts: 172.25.0.254
 tasks:
 - name: file module
 service:
 name: "{{ item.name}}"
 state: "{{ item.state }}"
 loop:
 - name: httpd
 state: started
 - name: vsftpd
 state: stopped

二、条件判定

1、when条件语句

此条件代表两者都满足时

when:
- 条件1
- 条件2

此条件代表两者满足一个即可

when:
- 条件1 
  or 
  条件2

2、条件判断

=	value == "字符串“，value == 数字
<	value < 数字
>	value > 数字
<=	value <= 数字
>=	value >= 数字
!=	value != 数字

is defined	value is defined（变量存在）
is not defined	value is not defined（变量不存在）
in	value is in value（变量为）
not in	value is not in value（变量不为）
bool变量为true	value（value的值为true）
bool变量false	not value（value的值为false） value in value2（value的值在value2列表中）

上述的应用实例：

使用loop when 创建用户

vim user.yml

- name: create user
  hosts: all
  vars:
    userlist:
    - name: user1
      id: 6666
      comment: user1 comment
    - name: user2
      id: 7777
  tasks:
  - name: create user2
    user:
      name: "{{item.name}}"
      uid: "{{item.id}}"
      comment: "{{item.comment}}"
      state: present
    when:
      item.comment is defined
    loop:
      "{{userlist}}"
  - name: create user
    user:
      name: "{{item.name}}"
      uid: "{{item.id}}"
      state: present
    when:
      item.comment is not defined
    loop:
      "{{userlist}}"

ansible-playbook user.yml  -C

三、触发器

notify：触发器当遇到更改时触发handlers
handlers：触发器触发后执行的动作

 示例：

使用触发器 j2 loop 安装httpd服务并运行虚拟主机

vim web.yml

webs:
- doc: /var/www/html
  index: "www.westos.org's page"

- name: bbs.westos.org
  doc: /var/www/virtual/westos.org/bbs/html
  index: "bbs.westos.org's page"

- name: login.westos.org
  doc: /var/www/virtual/westos.org/login/html
  index: "login.westos.org's page"

vim vhosts.conf.j2

{% for web in webs %}
{% if web.name is defined %}
<VirtualHost *:80>
  ServerName {{web.name}}
{% endif %}
{% if web.name is not defined %}
<VirtualHost _default_:80>
{% endif %}
  DocumentRoot {{web.doc}}
</VirtualHost>
{% endfor %}

vim httpd.yml

- name: create virtualhost
  hosts: all
  vars_files: ./web.yml
  tasks:
  - name: yum
    yum:
      name: httpd
      state: present

  - name: service
    service:
      name: httpd
      state: started
      enabled: yes

  - name: create doc
    lineinfile:
      path: "{{item.doc}}/index.html"
      line: "{{item.index}}"
      create: yes
    loop: "{{webs}}"

  - name: create vhosts.conf
    template:
      src: ./vhosts.conf.j2
      dest: /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf
    notify: restart httpd

  handlers:
  - name: restart httpd
    service:
      name: httpd
      state: restarted

触发器工作 

 

因为没有文件修改触发器没有触发所以不进行重启服务

四、 处理失败任务

1、ignore_errors

作用：当play遇到任务失败时会终止，ignore_errors: yes 将会忽略任务失败使下面的任务继续运行

例子：

vim test.yml

- name: test
  hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: check
    shell:
      test -e /mnt/file
    register: output
    ignore_errors: yes
  - name: show
    debug:
      msg: "{{output.rc}}"

 

2、force_handlers

作用：当任务失败后play被终止也会调用触发器进程

 例子：

vim test.yml

- name: test
  hosts: all
  force_handlers: yes
  tasks:
  - name: create file
    copy:
      dest: /mnt/testfile
      content: hello ale
    notify: show messgaes

  - name: check
    shell:
      test -e /mnt/file
    register: output

  - name: show
    debug:
      msg: "{{output.rc}}"

  handlers:
  - name: show messgaes
    debug:
      msg: /mnt/testfile is changed !!

3、changed_when

作用：控制任务在何时报告它已进行更改，抑制更改

例子：

vim test.yml

- name: test
  hosts: all
  force_handlers: yes
  tasks:
  - name: create file
    copy:
      dest: /mnt/testfile
      content: hello ale
    changed_when: true
    notify: show messgaes

  - name: check
    shell:
      test -e /mnt/file
    register: output

  - name: show
    debug:
      msg: "{{output.rc}}"

  handlers:
  - name: show messgaes
    debug:
      msg: /mnt/testfile is changed !!

 

当：changed_when: false 时

 

4、failed_when

作用：当符合条件时强制任务失败，但不会更改任务本身的行为

例子：

vim test.yml

- name: test
  hosts: all
  force_handlers: yes
  tasks:
  - name: create file
    copy:
      dest: /mnt/testfile
      content: hello hahahaha
    failed_when: true
    notify: show messgaes

  - name: check
    shell:
      test -e /mnt/file
    register: output

  - name: show
    debug:
      msg: "{{output.rc}}"

  handlers:
  - name: show messgaes
    debug:
      msg: /mnt/testfile is changed !!

5、block

block：定义要运行的任务
rescue：定义当block句子中出现失败任务后运行的任务
always：定义最终独立运行的任务

测试练习：

vim user.yml

- name: create user
   hosts: all
   vars:
     passwd: "123"
   tasks:
   - name:
     block:
       - name:
         shell:
           id user1
       - name: show user is exist
         debug:
           msg: user1 is exist
       - name:
         user:
           name: user1
           password: "{{passwd|password_hash('sha512')}}"
     rescue:
       - name: show user1 is not exist
         debug:
           msg: user1 is not exist
       - name: create user1
         user:
           name: user1
           state: present
           password: "{{passwd|password_hash('sha512')}}"
     always:
       - name:
         user:
           name: user1
           comment: test user1

不存在时： 

存在时：

 

 测试2：

建立playbook ~/westos.yml要求如下:

建立大小为1500M名为/dev/sdc1的设备

如果/dev/sdc不存在请输入: /dev/sdc is not exist

如果/dev/sdc大小不足1.G请输出： /dev/vdb is less then 1.5G 

并建立800M大小的/dev/vdb1 此设备挂载到/westos

vim dev.yml

- name: create /dev/sdc1
  hosts: all
  tasks:
  - block:
    - name: Create a new primary partition with a size of 1.5GiB
      parted:
        device: /dev/sdc
        number: 1
        state: present
        part_end: 1.5GiB
    when: ansible_facts['devices']['sdc'] is defined
    rescue:
    - name: /dev/sdc is less then 1.5GiB
      debug:
        msg: /dev/sdc is less then 1.5GiB
    - name: Create a new primary partition with a size of 800MiB
      parted:
        device: /dev/sdc
        number: 1
        state: present
        part_end: 800MiB
    always:
    - name: Create a ext4 filesystem on /dev/sdb1
      filesystem:
        fstype: ext4
        dev: /dev/sdc1
        opts: -cc
    - name: Mount
      mount:
        path: /westos
        src: /dev/sdc1
        fstype: ext4
        state: mounted
  - name:
    debug:
      msg: /dev/sdc is not exist
    when: ansible_facts['devices']['sdc'] is not defined