英语总结改错2011 英一

vessel	器皿，脉管
conceivably	可想像的，可信的
precious	珍奇的，宝贵的
measurable	可测量的，显著的
internal	内脏，本质，内部的
precede	在什么之前，优先于
fetch	拿来，范围
require	依靠，需求
conversely	相反地
instead of straining muscles to build them.	而不是用拉紧肌肉来构建
contracted in a frown.	承包进了眉头里（皱眉）

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But 1 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 , a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.

古希腊哲学家亚里士多德认为笑是“有助于健康的身体锻炼。”然而，尽管一些人认为事实恰好相反，笑可能对身体健康没有益处，笑的确在短期内提高了心脏和供血的能力。提高了心率和耗氧。然而，笑难以维持，一次大笑不太可能比肩诸如散步和慢跑之类运动所带来的巨大好处。

6 instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the_7_ . Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter 8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.

事实上，不像锻炼所做的，通过绷紧肌肉来增强身体，笑所实现的恰恰相反。1930年的研究指出，笑会放松肌肉，并在笑容结束后的45min内降低肌肉。

Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state. 11 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.

这种身体反应可能有助于减少身体压力所带来的影响。任何时候，笑都可能产生其他诸如提升个人情绪的身体反馈。根据一个经典的情绪理论，我们的感情部分源于身体的反射。有种看法是在19世纪末的时候人们并不会因为悲伤而哭泣，而是由于哭泣而变得悲伤。

Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. In an experiment published m 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wilrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16 a pen either with their teeth - thereby creating an artificial smile - or with their lips, which would produce a(n) 17 expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, 19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. 20 , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.

虽然悲伤往往先于泪水，但也有证据表明情绪也可能源自于肌肉反射。在一个1988年的实验中，德国社会心理学家斯塔克要求志愿者将一支笔保持在牙齿上，做出一个人为的笑容，或是用嘴唇保持它，来产生一个伤心的表情。那些被迫微笑的人在看到有趣的动画时往往比那些被迫皱眉的人更开心。这也证实表情可以影响情绪，而不仅仅是反过来。

1. [A] among \quad [B] except \quad [C] despite \quad [D] like
2. [A] reflect \quad [B] demand \quad [C] indicate \quad