记录一下常用的一些操作

     有时会写很多脚本，临时使用以下过一段时间就忘得差不多了，但突然又用到了，你找之前写的找还找不到，就很气人...... 索性记录一下（不定时更新）。

Python:

清华源：pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

1、文件分类:

import os
import shutil
root =r"G:\my\fire_data\img"   #需要分离的文件，即image 与txt在此文件下
image =r"G:\my\fire_data\images"
label =r"G:\my\fire_data\label"

for x in os.scandir(root):

    if x.name.endswith(".txt"): #获取路径
        needpath =r"G:\my\fire_data\img\{name}".format(name=x.name)
        print(needpath)
        shutil.move(needpath,label) #将选中的文件移动到其它文件夹

    if x.name.endswith(".jpg"):
        needpath = r"G:\my\fire_data\img\{name}".format(name=x.name)
        shutil.move(needpath,image)

#根据自己的需求进行更改

这个是运用python标准库shutil：
Python模块——shutil模块详解_数据分析与统计学之美-CSDN博客_python shutil

2、txt文件转换为xml文件

import os
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element, SubElement
from PIL import Image

class Xml_make(object):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

    def __indent(self, elem, level=0):
        i = "\n" + level * "\t"
        if len(elem):
            if not elem.text or not elem.text.strip():
                elem.text = i + "\t"
            if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
                elem.tail = i
            for elem in elem:
                self.__indent(elem, level + 1)
            if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
                elem.tail = i
        else:
            if level and (not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip()):
                elem.tail = i

    def _imageinfo(self, list_top):
        annotation_root = ET.Element('annotation')
        annotation_root.set('verified', 'no')
        tree = ET.ElementTree(annotation_root)
        '''
        0:xml_savepath 1:folder,2:filename,3:path
        4:checked,5:width,6:height,7:depth
        '''
        folder_element = ET.Element('folder')
        folder_element.text = list_top[1]
        annotation_root.append(folder_element)

        filename_element = ET.Element('filename')
        filename_element.text = list_top[2]
        annotation_root.append(filename_element)

        path_element = ET.Element('path')
        path_element.text = list_top[3]
        annotation_root.append(path_element)

        checked_element = ET.Element('checked')
        checked_element.text = list_top[4]
        annotation_root.append(checked_element)

        source_element = ET.Element('source')
        database_element = SubElement(source_element, 'database')
        database_element.text = 'Unknown'
        annotation_root.append(source_element)

        size_element = ET.Element('size')
        width_element = SubElement(size_element, 'width')
        width_element.text = str(list_top[5])
        height_element = SubElement(size_element, 'height')
        height_element.text = str(list_top[6])
        depth_element = SubElement(size_element, 'depth')
        depth_element.text = str(list_top[7])
        annotation_root.append(size_element)

        segmented_person_element = ET.Element('segmented')
        segmented_person_element.text = '0'
        annotation_root.append(segmented_person_element)

        return tree, annotation_root

    def _bndbox(self, annotation_root, list_bndbox):
        for i in range(0, len(list_bndbox), 9):
            object_element = ET.Element('object')
            name_element = SubElement(object_element, 'name')
            name_element.text = list_bndbox[i]

            flag_element = SubElement(object_element, 'flag')
            flag_element.text = list_bndbox[i + 1]

            pose_element = SubElement(object_element, 'pose')
            pose_element.text = list_bndbox[i + 2]

            truncated_element = SubElement(object_element, 'truncated')
            truncated_element.text = list_bndbox[i + 3]

            difficult_element = SubElement(object_element, 'difficult')
            difficult_element.text = list_bndbox[i + 4]

            bndbox_element = SubElement(object_element, 'bndbox')
            xmin_element = SubElement(bndbox_element, 'xmin')
            xmin_element.text = str(list_bndbox[i + 5])

            ymin_element = SubElement(bndbox_element, 'ymin')
            ymin_element.text = str(list_bndbox[i + 6])

            xmax_element = SubElement(bndbox_element, 'xmax')
            xmax_element.text = str(list_bndbox[i + 7])

            ymax_element = SubElement(bndbox_element, 'ymax')
            ymax_element.text = str(list_bndbox[i + 8])

            annotation_root.append(object_element)

        return annotation_root

    def txt_to_xml(self, list_top, list_bndbox):
        tree, annotation_root = self._imageinfo(list_top)
        annotation_root = self._bndbox(annotation_root, list_bndbox)
        self.__indent(annotation_root)
        tree.write(list_top[0], encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)


def txt_2_xml(source_path, xml_save_dir, txt_dir):
    COUNT = 0
    for folder_path_tuple, folder_name_list, file_name_list in os.walk(source_path):
        for file_name in file_name_list:
            file_suffix = os.path.splitext(file_name)[-1]
            if file_suffix != '.jpg':
                continue
            list_top = []
            list_bndbox = []
            path = os.path.join(folder_path_tuple, file_name)
            xml_save_path = os.path.join(xml_save_dir, file_name.replace(file_suffix, '.xml'))
            txt_path = os.path.join(txt_dir, file_name.replace(file_suffix, '.txt'))
            filename = os.path.splitext(file_name)[0]
            checked = 'NO'
            im = Image.open(path)
            im_w = im.size[0]
            im_h = im.size[1]
            width = str(im_w)
            height = str(im_h)
            depth = '3'
            flag = 'rectangle'
            pose = 'Unspecified'
            truncated = '0'
            difficult = '0'
            list_top.extend([xml_save_path, folder_path_tuple, filename, path, checked,
                             width, height, depth])
            for line in open(txt_path, 'r'):
                line = line.strip()
                info = line.split(' ')  #info为读取txt文件的内容
                print("info",info)
                name = info[0]   #  是类别信息根据自己的需求进行更改
                if name == "0":
                    name = "person"
                elif name =="1":
                    name = "car"
                x_cen = float(info[1]) * im_w
                y_cen = float(info[2]) * im_h
                w = float(info[3]) * im_w
                h = float(info[4]) * im_h

                xmin = int(x_cen - w / 2)
                ymin = int(y_cen - h / 2)
                xmax = int(x_cen + w / 2)
                ymax = int(y_cen + h / 2)
                list_bndbox.extend([name, flag, pose, truncated, difficult,
                                    str(xmin), str(ymin), str(xmax), str(ymax)])
            Xml_make().txt_to_xml(list_top, list_bndbox)
            COUNT += 1
            print(COUNT, xml_save_path)


if __name__ == '__main__':      #图片和txt放入到不同文件夹
    source_path = r"H:\pytorch\yolov4-pytorch-master\output\img"  # txt标注文件所对应的的图片
    xml_save_dir = r"H:\pytorch\yolov4-pytorch-master\output\xml"  # 转换为xml标注文件的保存路径
    txt_dir = r"H:\pytorch\yolov4-pytorch-master\output\txt"  # 需要转换的txt标注文件
    txt_2_xml(source_path, xml_save_dir, txt_dir)

3、将视频每一帧保存为图片

import cv2 as cv

if __name__ == '__main__':

   savepath = "img/" #图片保存路径
   filename = "2.mp4"#读取视频
   vc = cv.VideoCapture(filename)

   if vc.isOpened():  #判断视频是否正常读取
       #   ret, frame 是 read 方法的两个返回值
       #读取成功  ret为true  失败为false    frame是获取的视频帧
       ret,fream = vc.read()
   else:
       ret = False
   a = 0
   while ret:
       a +=1
       ret, fream = vc.read()
       cv.imwrite(savepath+"/"+str(a)+".jpg",fream)

4、计算txt每行有多少字符（不包含标点符号）

import re

# 文件路径
file_path = ''

# 正则表达式，匹配中文字符，排除中文标点符号
chinese_char_pattern = re.compile(r'[\u4e00-\u9fa5]+')

# 正则表达式，匹配中文标点符号
chinese_punctuation_pattern = re.compile(r'[\u3000-\u303F|\uFF00-\uFFEF]+')

# 读取文件并计算每行的字数
with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
    for line in file:
        # 移除中文标点符号
        line_without_punctuation = chinese_punctuation_pattern.sub('', line)
        # 使用正则表达式找到所有的中文字符
        chinese_chars = chinese_char_pattern.findall(line_without_punctuation)
        # 将找到的中文字符串连接起来，计算总字数
        total_chars = sum(len(char) for char in chinese_chars)
        print(f'第 {line.strip()} 行共有 {total_chars} 个字。')

C++：

1、记录某段区域  运行所花费的时间

	auto start = std::chrono::system_clock::now(); //开始记录时间
	/*
     本区域为所要检测花费时间的  程序（代码）
    */
    auto end = std::chrono::system_clock::now(); //推理结束时间    
	std::cout << "获取竖线位置  详细信息  耗时" << 
    std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end - start).count() << "ms" << std::endl;

2、将视频每一帧保存为图片

#include <iostream>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main() {

	Mat fream; //读取视频的视频帧（每一帧）
	VideoCapture capture("2.mp4"); //读取图片路径
	string path = "img/";//图片保存路径
	int i = 0;
	while (1)
	{
		capture >> fream; //获取视频的每一帧
		if (fream.empty()) { //判断是否读取完视频
			break;//读取完退出
		}
		//imshow("a", fream); //显示每一帧
		//waitKey(100);
		ostringstream oss;  //用于记录图像的保存路径
		oss << path << i++ << ".jpg"; //图像的保存路径
		imwrite(oss.str(), fream);//保存图像
	}

}

3、生成相机标定标定板（黑白格）

//编程环境：ubuntu16.04, qt，OpenCV3.1.16
#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/calib3d/calib3d.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;


int main() {
    //单位转换
    int dot_per_inch = 96;  //我的电脑是96DPI(dot per inch）
    double cm_to_inch = 0.3937; //1cm=0.3937inch
    double inch_to_cm = 2.54;   //1inch = 2.54cm
    double inch_per_dot = 1.0 / 96.0;

    //自定义标定板
    double blockSize_cm = 2; //方格尺寸：边长2cm的正方形
    //设置横列方框数目
    int blockcol = 8;
    int blockrow = 10;


    int blockSize = (int)(blockSize_cm / inch_to_cm * dot_per_inch);
    cout << "blockSize:" << blockSize << endl;

    int imageSize = blockSize * blockSize;
    int imagesizecol = blockSize * blockrow;
    int imagesizerow = blockSize * blockcol;
    cout <<"imageSize:" << imageSize << endl;
    Mat chessBoard(imagesizecol, imagesizerow, CV_8UC3, Scalar::all(0));
    unsigned char color = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < imagesizerow; i = i + blockSize) {
        color = ~color;
        for (int j = 0; j < imagesizecol; j = j + blockSize) {
            Mat ROI = chessBoard(Rect(i, j, blockSize, blockSize));
            ROI.setTo(Scalar::all(color));
            color = ~color;
        }
    }
    imshow("Chess board", chessBoard);
    cout << "cols" << chessBoard.cols << endl;
    cout << "rows" << chessBoard.rows << endl;
    imwrite("H:/C++/camera_calibration/chessBoard3.jpg", chessBoard);

    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}