在Ｕbuntu中使用OpenCV-C++和ZBar库

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已于 2023-06-29 16:15:43 修改

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分类专栏： srp 文章标签： opencv c++

于 2023-06-24 18:24:01 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_60788088/article/details/131364858

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在Ｕbuntu中使用OpenCV-C++和ZBar库

写在前面

学校srp的内容是做一个快递站的货物放置小车，笔者负责其中的视觉部分，暂定我的任务是识别二维码告诉下位机货物的货架号，本可以使用openmv等实现，但考虑到后续可能会有的视觉引导机械臂放置货物，故还是选择OpenCV这一更加灵活的视觉库，并使用C++编写，以期望最后在树莓派上获得更高的帧率．
笔者使用的是Ubuntu20.04，OpenCV是在装ROS时一起安装的，版本为4.2．

步骤

安装ZBar库,这里使用apt安装而不是用源码

```
  sudo apt install libzbar-dev
```
安装后再在vscode中包含ZBar的头文件就已经不会再报错了

写测试程序

写一个测试程序，实现读取一张二维码图片，识别其中码的类型并读取码的内容打印到终端我是二维码图片

  #include <iostream>
  #include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
  #include <zbar.h>

  using namespace cv;
  using namespace std;
  using namespace zbar;

  int main()
  {
      ImageScanner scanner;
      scanner.set_config(ZBAR_NONE, ZBAR_CFG_ENABLE, 1);
      Mat image = imread("1.png");

      if (!image.data)
      {
          cout << "请确认图片" << endl;
          system("pause");
          return 0;
      }

      Mat gray;
      cvtColor(image, gray, COLOR_RGB2GRAY);
      
      Image imageZbar(gray.cols, gray.rows, "Y800", gray.data, gray.cols * gray.rows);
      int n=scanner.scan(imageZbar);

      Image::SymbolIterator symbol = imageZbar.symbol_begin();
      if (imageZbar.symbol_begin() == imageZbar.symbol_end())
      {
          cout << "查询条码失败，请检查图片！" << endl;
      }
      for (; symbol != imageZbar.symbol_end(); ++symbol)
      {
          cout << "类型：" << endl << symbol->get_type_name() << endl;
          cout << "内容：" << endl << symbol->get_data() << endl << endl;
      }

      imshow("Source Image", image);
      waitKey();
      return 0;
  }

写CMakeLists.txt

  cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)

  project(srp CXX)

  add_executable(srp
      main.cpp
  )

  find_package(OpenCV 4 REQUIRED)

  find_package(ZBar REQUIRED)

  target_include_directories(srp
      PUBLIC
          ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}
          ${ZBar_INCLUDE_DIRS}
          "include"
  )

  target_link_libraries(srp
      PUBLIC
          ${OpenCV_LIBS} 
          ${ZBAR_LIBRARIES}
  )

顺便提一嘴这个小工程的结构为：
然后在终端进入build目录，执行cmake ..，不出意外应该会报错：

    -- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 9.4.0
    -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
    -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
    -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
    -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
    -- Detecting CXX compile features
    -- Detecting CXX compile features - done
    -- Found OpenCV: /usr (found suitable version "4.2.0", minimum required is "4") 
    CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:13 (find_package):
    By not providing "FindZBar.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has
    asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "ZBar", but
    CMake did not find one.

    Could not find a package configuration file provided by "ZBar" with any of
    the following names:

        ZBarConfig.cmake
        zbar-config.cmake

    Add the installation prefix of "ZBar" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
    "ZBar_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If "ZBar"
    provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has been
    installed.


    -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
    See also "/home/thy/Documents/blogtest/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".

报错说找不到 ZBarConfig.cmake和 zbar-config.cmake，我们先确定一下这两个文件是否确实不存在．在终端中输入 dpkg-query -L libzbar-dev列出已安装的 libzbar-dev 包中的文件路径，我的输出如下，可以看到确实没有那两个文件

/.
/usr
/usr/include
/usr/include/zbar
/usr/include/zbar/Decoder.h
/usr/include/zbar/Exception.h
/usr/include/zbar/Image.h
/usr/include/zbar/ImageScanner.h
/usr/include/zbar/Processor.h
/usr/include/zbar/Scanner.h
/usr/include/zbar/Symbol.h
/usr/include/zbar/Video.h
/usr/include/zbar/Window.h
/usr/include/zbar.h
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libzbar.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/zbar.pc
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/libzbar-dev
/usr/share/doc/libzbar-dev/copyright
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libzbar.so
/usr/share/doc/libzbar-dev/changelog.Debian.gz

笔者首先想到的是ZBar库是否正确安装，在终端输入 pkg-config --libs zbar，输出为 -lzbar，库已正确安装．故可能的原因是不同包管理系统提供的文件结构不同，只能手动创建一个 FindZBar.cmake文件．

写FindZBar.cmake

在工程中新建一个cmake目录，在其中新建FindZBar.cmake文件

find_package(PkgConfig REQUIRED)
pkg_check_modules(ZBAR REQUIRED IMPORTED_TARGET zbar)

if (TARGET PkgConfig::ZBAR)
set(ZBAR_FOUND TRUE)
else()
set(ZBAR_FOUND FALSE)
endif()

set(ZBAR_INCLUDE_DIRS ${PkgConfig_ZBAR_INCLUDE_DIRS})
set(ZBAR_LIBRARIES PkgConfig::ZBAR)

include_directories(${ZBAR_INCLUDE_DIRS})

target_link_libraries(${ZBAR_LIBRARIES} INTERFACE ${ZBAR_LINK_LIBRARIES})

此外在CMakeLists.txt中加一句话 set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH} "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake")，最后的CMakeLists.txt为：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)

project(srp CXX)

add_executable(srp
    main.cpp
)

set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH} "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake")

find_package(OpenCV 4 REQUIRED)

find_package(ZBar REQUIRED)

target_include_directories(srp
    PUBLIC
        ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}
        ${ZBar_INCLUDE_DIRS}
        "include"
)

target_link_libraries(srp
    PUBLIC
        ${OpenCV_LIBS} 
        ${ZBAR_LIBRARIES}
)