Python learning- Conditional Execution & Functions

Python小白的学习之路 Day2

• Conditional Execution (Chapter 3)
• Functions (Chapter 4)

Conditional Execution (Chapter 3)

Comparison Operators

Python	Meaning
" <= "	Less than or Equal to
" == "	Equal to
" >= "	Greater than or Equal to
" > "	Greater than
" != "	Not equal
" < "	Less than

Indentation

• Increase indent indent after an if statement or for statement (after : )
• Maintain indent to indicate the scope of the block (which lines are affected by the if/for)
• Reduce indent back to the level of the if statement or for statement to indicate the end of the block

Nested Decisions

if x > 1 :
    print('More than one')
    if x < 100 : 
        print('Less than 100') 
print('All done')

Two-way Decisions with else

if x > 2 :
    print('Bigger')
else :
    print('Smaller')

print('All done')

Multi-way with elif

if x < 2 :
    print('small')
elif x < 10 :
    print('Medium')
else :
    print('LARGE')
print('All done')

• No else is also acceptable

if x < 2 :
    print('Small')
elif x < 10 :
    print('Medium')

print('All done')

The try / except Structure

• If the code in the try works - the except is skipped
• If the code in the try fails - it jumps to the except section
• Sample try / except :

rawstr = input('Enter a number:')
try: 
    ival = int(rawstr)
except: 
    ival = -1

if ival > 0 :  
    print('Nice work')
else:  
    print('Not a number')

Functions (Chapter 4)

Python Functions

• Built-in functions that are provided as part of Python - print(), input(), type(), float(), int(), max() …
• Functions that we define ourselves and then use

Building our Own Functions

• Once we have defined a function, we can call (or invoke) it as many times as we like
• This is the store and reuse pattern

Arguments

• An argument is a value we pass into the function as its input when we call the function

Parameters

• A parameter is a variable which we use in the function definition. It is a “handle” that allows the code in the function to access the arguments for a particular function invocation.

注意 Arguments 和 Parameters 的区别

Return Values

• Often a function will take its arguments, do some computation, and return a value to be used as the value of the function call in the calling expression. The return keyword is used for this.
• The return statement ends the function execution and “sends back” the result of the function

Multiple Parameters / Arguments

• We match the number and order of arguments and parameters
  Example:

def addtwo(a, b):
    added = a + b
    return added

x = addtwo(3, 5)
print(x)
8

Void (non-fruitful) Functions

• When a function does not return a value, we call it a “void” function
• Functions that return values are “fruitful” functions