C++多态之运算符重载

    

目录

1.Array类

实现

测试：

2.Date类

实现

测试

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        实践出真知，这篇文章直接实践几个例子来理解一下运算符重载，关于运算符重载的基础知识这里就不介绍了，挖个坑以后补充。

1.Array类

实现

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Array {
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& , const Array&);
	friend istream& operator>>(istream& , Array&);

private:
	int size;
	int* ptr;
public:
	Array(int si = 10) {
		size = si > 0 ? si : 10;
		ptr = new int[si];
		for (int i = 0; i < si; i++)
			ptr[i] = 0;
	}

	Array(const Array& a) {
		size = a.size;
		ptr = new int[size];
		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
			ptr[i] = a.ptr[i];
	}

	~Array() {
		delete[]ptr;
	}

	const int getSize() {
		return size;
	}

	Array operator=(const Array& a) { //跟拷贝构造函数还是有区别的
		if (this != &a) {
			if (size != a.size) {
				delete[] ptr;
				ptr = new int[a.size];
				size = a.size;
			}
			for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
				ptr[i] = a.ptr[i];
		}
		return *this;
	}

	bool operator==(const Array& a) const{
		bool isSame = true;
		if (size != a.size)
			isSame = false;
		else {
			for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
				if (ptr[i] != a.ptr[i])
					isSame = false;
			}

		}
		return isSame;
	}

	int &operator[](int i) { //返回值可能要作为左值的时候，要加引用在类型后
		if (i < 0 || i >= size){
			cerr << "out_of_range";
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}
		return ptr[i];
	}
	int operator[](int i)const { //再写一个不做左值的版本注意后面加const
		if (i < 0 || i >= size) {
			cerr << "out_of_range";
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
		return ptr[i];
	}
};

istream& operator>>(istream& input, Array& a) {
	for (int i = 0; i < a.size; i++) {
		input >> a.ptr[i];
	}
	return input;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const Array& a){
	for (int i = 0; i < a.size; i++)
		output << a.ptr[i] << " ";
    return output;
}

重载了包括[],=,==,<<和>>在内的运算符，初步实现了Array类，

测试：

int main() {
	Array a(4);
	cout << "Please input a:" << endl;
	cin >> a;
	cout << "a: " << a<<endl;

	Array b(a);
	cout << "After copy a, b: " << b;
	cout <<endl<< "a = b ? : " << (a == b) << endl;
	
	Array c = a;
	cout << "After c=a,c: " << c << endl;

	cout << "test []: " ;
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
		cout << a[i]<<" ";
	}
	cout << endl;


}

Please input a:
4 6 3 8
a: 4 6 3 8
After copy a, b: 4 6 3 8
a = b ? : 1
After c=a,c: 4 6 3 8
test []: 4 6 3 8

2.Date类

实现

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Date {
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, const Date& d);
private:
	int month;
	int day;
	int year;
public:
	Date(int m=1, int d=1, int y=1990);
	void setDate(int, int, int);
	Date& operator++();		//左值++，相当于++a
	Date operator++(int);	//右值++，相当于a++
	Date operator+(int);
	bool isleapyear();
	bool endOfMonth(int);
	static const int days[];
	void selfinc();
};

const int Date::days[] = { 0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };

Date::Date(int m , int d , int y )  {
	setDate(m, d, y);
}

void Date::setDate(int m, int d, int y) {
	month = m > 0 && m < 13 ? m : 1;
	year = y > 1990 && y < 2100 ? y : 1990;
	if (month == 2 && isleapyear()) {
		day = d > 0 && d < 29 ? d : 1;
	}
	else {
		day = d > 0 && d < 30 ? d : 1;
	}
}

Date& Date::operator++() {
	selfinc();
	return *this;
}
Date Date::operator++(int) {
	Date temp = *this;
	selfinc();
	return temp;
}
Date Date::operator+(int add) {
	for (int i = 0; i < add; i++)
		selfinc();
	return *this;
}

bool Date::isleapyear() {
	if (year % 400 == 0 || year % 100 != 0 && year % 4 == 0)
		return true;
	else
		return false;
}

bool Date::endOfMonth(int day) {
	if (month == 2 && isleapyear())
		return day == 29;
	else
		return day == days[month];

}

void Date::selfinc() {
	if (!endOfMonth(day))
		day++;
	else {
		if (month < 12){
			month++;
			day = 1;
		}
		else {
			month = 1;
			day = 1;
			year++;
		}
	}
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, const Date& d) {
	o << d.month << "/" << d.day << "/" << d.year << endl;
	return o;
}

        注意这里对++的重载有两种，一种是放在左边，另一种放在右边，放在左边返回的是自己，放在右边返回的是一个新的date对象；因此放在左边的++是需要返回值做做左值的，所以要加&。 

测试

int main() {
	Date d(4, 15, 2001);
	Date d1(2, 28, 2000);
	d1.selfinc();
	cout << "After d1 slef-increase,d: " << d1 << endl;

	cout << "judge d1 is or not leap year ：" << d1.isleapyear() << endl;
	
	Date d3 = d1 + 20;
	cout << "After d3=d1+20,d3 : " << d3;

	Date d2 = d1++;
	cout << "After d2=d1++ ,d1: " << d1 << " d2 :" << d2 << endl;

	Date d4 = ++d1;
	cout << "After d4=++d1 ,d1 : " << d1 << " d4 : " << d4 << endl;

	Date d5(12, 29, 2022);
	d5 = d5 + 20;
	cout << "d5: " << d5 << endl;
}

After d1 slef-increase,d: 2/29/2000

judge d1 is or not leap year ：1
After d3=d1+20,d3 : 3/20/2000
After d2=d1++ ,d1: 3/21/2000
 d2 :3/20/2000

After d4=++d1 ,d1 : 3/22/2000
 d4 : 3/22/2000

d5: 1/18/2023

放点运算符重载知识点：