Day03数组和面向对象编程入门

1.数组

一维数组

数组是一个数据容器,可以存储一批同类型数据

数组类型[ ] 数组名={元素1,元素2,....}

数组类型[ ] 数组名=new 数据类型[ ]{元素1,元素2,....}

也可写成 数组类型 数组名[ ]

数据的访问

索引从0开始

数组名[索引] 

 获得数组长度(元素个数)

数组名.length

//开发一个随机点名的方法,假设有15个学生
    public static void randomName(){
        //1.创建数组
        String[] names = {"张三","李四","王五","赵六","田七","宋八","周九","吴十","郑十一","王十二","王十三","王十四","王十五","王十六","王十七"};
        //2.随机数 Math.random() ---->[0,1)
        int index = (int)(Math.random()*names.length);
        //3.输出
        System.out.println(names[index]);
    }

   案例:计算班级学生Java成绩信息,要求输出平均分,最高分,最低分

假设班级有8名学生,请帮忙开发程序录入8名学生的Java成绩,成绩类型是小数,并输出平均分,最高分,最低分

  public static void getScore(int n){
        double[] scores = new double[n];
        double sum = 0;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        for (int i = 0; i < scores.length; i++) {
            System.out.println("请输入第"+(i+1)+"个学生的成绩");
            scores[i] = sc.nextDouble();
            sum += scores[i];
        }
        //平均分
        System.out.println("平均分:"+sum/scores.length);

        //排序
        double max = scores[0];
        double min = scores[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < scores.length; i++) {
            if(scores[i]>max){
                max = scores[i];
            }
            if(scores[i]<min){
                min = scores[i];
            }
        }
       //最高分
        System.out.println("最高分:"+max);
        //最低分
        System.out.println("最低分:"+min);

    }

//案例 斗地主游戏
//开发一个简易版斗地主游戏,要求只完成做牌(存储54张牌),洗牌

 public static void playDoudizhu(){
        //1.创建数组,存储54张牌
        String[] Jokers ={"🃏","🤡"};
        String[] colors = {"♥","♠","♣","♦"};
        String[] numbers = {"2","A","K","Q","J","10","9","8","7","6","5","4","3"};
        String[] cards = new String[54];
        //2.遍历数组,将牌存储到cards数组中
        int index = 0;
        for (String color : colors) {
            for (String number : numbers) {
                cards[index] = color+number;
                index++;
            }
        }
        for (String joker : Jokers) {
            cards[index] = joker;
            index++;
        }
        //遍历牌
        for (String card : cards) {
            System.out.print(card+" ");
        }
        System.out.println();
        //洗牌
        for (int i = 0; i < cards.length; i++) {
            int index1 = (int)(Math.random()*cards.length);
            int index2 = (int)(Math.random()*cards.length);
            String temp = cards[index1];
            cards[index1] = cards[index2];
            cards[index2] = temp;
        }
        //洗牌后,遍历
        for (String card : cards) {
            System.out.print(card+" ");
        }
            }

二维数组(五子棋,坦克大战游戏)

静态:

数组类型[ ][ ]数组名=new 数组类型[ ][ ]{元素1,元素2,....}

动态:

数组类型[ ][ ]数组名=new 数组类型[行][列]

行列矩阵

需求:开发一个程序可以记录班级学生的座位信息

存储班级座位上的学生名称,并要求输出学生名称时,能直观看到学生所在的位置

 String[][] positions = {
                {"张无忌", "赵敏", "周芷若"},
                {"张三丰", "孙悟空", "唐僧"},
                {"吴彦祖", "猪八戒", "沙和尚"},
                {"杨晓", "菩提老祖"}
        };
        for (int i = 0; i < positions.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < positions[i].length; j++) {
                System.out.print(positions[i][j] + "\t");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
        System.out.println(positions[1][1]);//孙悟空
        System.out.println(positions.length);//4
        System.out.println(positions[3].length);//2

案例:石头迷阵游戏

//初始化数据

//打乱数据顺序

//恢复

//创建二维数组
    public static void games(int n) {
        int[][] arr = new int[n][n];
        int num=1;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                arr[i][j] = num;
                num++;
            }
        }
        print(arr);
        System.out.println("====================");
        shuffle(arr);
        print(arr);
    }
    //遍历
    public static void print(int[][] arr) {
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < arr[i].length; j++) {
                System.out.print(arr[i][j] + "\t");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
    //打乱顺序
    public static void shuffle(int[][] arr) {
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < arr[i].length; j++) {
                int i1 = (int) (Math.random() * arr.length);
                int j1 = (int) (Math.random() * arr[i].length);
                int temp = arr[i][j];
                arr[i][j] = arr[i1][j1];
                arr[i1][j1] = temp;
            }
        }
    }

2.面向对象编程---封装,继承,多态

存储数据:变量 数组 对象

对象是一种特殊的数据结构(可以理解为一张表),用来记住一个事务的数据,从而代表该事物

public class Student {
    String name;
    double chinese;
    double math;
    //求总和
    public double getSum(){
        return chinese+math;
    }
    //求平均分
    public double getAvg(){
        return getSum()/2;
    }

}

 Student s1=new Student();
        s1.name="波妞";
        s1.chinese=100;
        s1.math=100;
        Student s2=new Student();
        s2.name="波仔";
        s2.chinese=59;
        s2.math=100;
 System.out.println(s1.getSum());
        System.out.println(s2.getSum());
        System.out.println(s1.getAvg());
        System.out.println(s2.getAvg());

方法区放类文件class

对象放在堆内存中

类的基本语法

构造器---对象初始化

默认带一个无参构造器

如果定义了一个有参构造器,默认的无参构造器就没有了,要重新创建一个无参构造器

修饰符 类名(){

          ...

}

//无参构造器
    public Student(){}
    //有参构造器
    public Student(String name,double chinese,double math){
        this.name=name;
        this.chinese=chinese;
        this.math=math;
    }

Student s1=new Student();
        s1.name="波妞";
        s1.chinese=100;
        s1.math=100;
        Student s2=new Student("波仔",59,100);

this关键字---解决成员变量与局部变量名称冲突的问题

this就是一个变量,可以方法中,当成当前对象

哪个对象调用这个方法,this就是哪个对象

可以访问对象数据

封装

合理隐藏private,合理暴露public

成员变量私有

public class Student {
   private String name;
   private double chinese;
   private double math;
    //构造器
    //无参构造器
    public Student(){
        System.