Ubuntu中的read函数，阻塞

read函数在TCP连接状态下，具有阻塞机制。当连接断开后，就不再具有阻塞作用了。以下代码是一个实现两人聊天的代码，从中可以看到read的阻塞

服务器端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

// int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
// int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);

int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
	//1.socket
	int s_fd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);//IPV4,TCP,s_fd:server_file_id
	if(s_fd == -1){
		perror("socket");
		exit(-1);
	}

	//2.bind
	struct sockaddr_in  s_addr;
	memset(&s_addr,0,sizeof(s_addr));
	s_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	s_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
	inet_aton(argv[1],&s_addr.sin_addr);//字符串转换成网络格式ansc to net

	bind(s_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&s_addr,sizeof(s_addr)); 	

	//3.listen
	listen(s_fd,10);//正在进行3次握手和已经完成握手的队列，共10个

	//4.accept	
	struct sockaddr_in  c_addr;
	memset(&c_addr,0,sizeof(c_addr));
	
	int clen = sizeof(c_addr);
	int c_fd = 0,n_read = 0;
	char readbuf[128];
	char retMsg[128] = {0};

	while(1){
		c_fd = accept(s_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&c_addr,&clen);//程序卡在这儿
		if(c_fd != -1){
			printf("get connect,%s\n",inet_ntoa(c_addr.sin_addr));
		}

		if(fork() == 0){
			if(fork()==0){
				while(1){
					memset(retMsg,0,128);
					printf("input: ");
					gets(retMsg);
					write(c_fd,retMsg,strlen(retMsg));
				}
			}			

			//5.read
			while(1){
				memset(readbuf,0,sizeof(readbuf));
				n_read = read(c_fd,readbuf,128);
				if(n_read == -1){
					perror("read");
				}else{
					printf("get massage:%d,%s\n",n_read,readbuf);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

客户端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

// int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
// int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);

int main()
{
	//1.socket
	int c_fd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);//IPV4,TCP
	if(c_fd == -1){
		perror("socket");
		exit(-1);
	}

	//2.connect
	struct sockaddr_in c_addr;
	c_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	c_addr.sin_port = htons(8988);
	inet_aton("10.0.1.13",&c_addr.sin_addr);
	connect(c_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&c_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr));

	int n_read = 0;
	char readbuf[128]={0};
	char Msg[128] = {0};

	if(fork()==0){
		while(1){
			memset(Msg,0,128);
			printf("input: ");
			gets(Msg);
			write(c_fd,Msg,strlen(Msg));
		}
	}

	while(1){
		memset(readbuf,0,sizeof(readbuf));
		n_read = read(c_fd,readbuf,128);
		if(n_read == -1){
			perror("read");
		}else{
			printf("get msg from server:%d,%s\n",n_read,readbuf);
		}
	}
}

先运行服务端，再运行客户端。可以看到，当两者同时运行时，read有阻塞的作用，一旦某方退出，比如 客户端 退出 ，read不再具有阻塞作用，read读的值为0，然后一直打印。

man 2 read可以看到

翻译过来就是：
如果文件描述符不是socket的话，该函数是非阻塞的，否则该函数是阻塞的。