Android的CardViewFragment

CardView

        CardView的基本使用     

CardView 是用于实现卡片式布局效果的重要控件，实际上也是一个 frameLayout, 只是额外提供了圆角和 阴影，看上去有立体效果。

效果如下：

 常用API：

方法	说明
cardBackgroundColor	设置背景颜色
cardCornerRadius	设置圆角边大小
cardElevation	阴影大小 - 设置为 0 代表没有阴影
cardMaxElevation	最大的阴影大小
cardPreventCornerOverlap	在 v20 和之前的版本中添加内边距，这个属性是为了防止卡片内容 和边角的重叠
cardUseCompatPadding	设置内边距， v21+ 的版本和之前的版本仍旧具有一样的计算方式
contentPadding	内边距
contentPaddingBottom	底部边距
contentPaddingLeft	左侧边距
contentPaddingRight	右侧边距
contentPaddingTop	顶部边距

基本使用方法：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.cardview.widget.CardView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="240dp"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    app:cardCornerRadius="4dp"
    app:cardElevation="4dp"
    android:layout_margin="3dp">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:gravity="center_horizontal">

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/iv_img"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="200dp"
            android:scaleType="fitXY"
            app:srcCompat="@mipmap/a2" />

        <TextView
            android:layout_marginTop="5dp"
            android:id="@+id/tv_title"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="一号" />
    </LinearLayout>

</androidx.cardview.widget.CardView>

CardView与RecycleView的结合使用

实现效果如下：

 

实现步骤：

        1. 布局文件

                主布局 activity_main.xm

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"         
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"             
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" 
    android:layout_width="match_parent" 
    android:layout_height="match_parent" 
    tools:context=".MainActivity2"> 
    <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView 
        android:id="@+id/rv_news" 
        android:layout_width="match_parent" 
        android:layout_height="match_parent" /> 
</LinearLayout>

子布局 news_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<androidx.cardview.widget.CardView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" 
    android:layout_width="match_parent" 
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_margin="5dp" 
    app:cardElevation="5dp" 
    app:cardCornerRadius="4dp"> 
<LinearLayout 
        android:layout_width="match_parent" 
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
        android:padding="3dp" 
        android:orientation="horizontal"> 
        <ImageView android:id="@+id/iv_img" 
            android:layout_width="120dp" 
            android:layout_height="120dp" 
            android:scaleType="centerCrop"/> 
        <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_title" 
            android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical" 
            android:layout_margin="5dp" 
            android:textSize="16sp" /> 
</LinearLayout> 
</androidx.cardview.widget.CardView>

代码文件

实体类 News.java

public class News { 
    private String title; 
    private int imgID; 
    public News(String title, int imgID){ 
        this.title = title; 
        this.imgID = imgID; 
    }
    public String getTitle() { 
        return title; 
    }
    public int getImgID() { 
        return imgID; 
    } 
}

适配器 NewsAdapter.java

public class NewsAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<NewsAdapter.ViewHolder> { 
    private List<News> list; 

    public NewsAdapter(List<News> list){
        this.list = list; 
    }
    @NonNull 
    @Override 
    public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) { 
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.news_item, parent, false); 
        ViewHolder viewHolder = new ViewHolder(view); 
        return viewHolder; 
    }
    @Override 
    public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull ViewHolder holder, int position) { 
        News news = list.get(position); 
        holder.iv_img.setImageResource(news.getImgID());                 
        holder.iv_img.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { 
            @Override 
            public void onClick(View v) { 
                Toast.makeText(v.getContext(), news.getImgID()+"图片被点击", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
            } 
        }); 
        holder.tv_title.setText(news.getTitle()); 
        holder.view.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { 
            @Override 
            public void onClick(View v) { 
                Toast.makeText(v.getContext(), news.getTitle()+"被点击", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
            } 
        }); 
    }
    @Override 
    public int getItemCount() { 
        return list.size(); 
    }
    public class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder { 
        View view; ImageView iv_img; 
        TextView tv_title; 
        public ViewHolder(@NonNull View itemView) { 
            super(itemView); 
            view = itemView; 
            iv_img = itemView.findViewById(R.id.iv_img); 
            tv_title = itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_title); 
        } 
     }
 }

调用适配器

public class MainActivity2 extends AppCompatActivity { 
    private RecyclerView rv_news;     
    private String[] titles= {"AI 改变千行万业，开发者如何投身 AI 语音新“声”态","实 时互动还有哪些可能？RTE 2022 创新编程挑战赛正式开启","子寅：不会“怼”产品经理，干不了程序 员，更干不好脱口秀","AI 改变千行万业，开发者如何投身 AI 语音新“声”态","实时互动还有哪些可 能？RTE 2022 创新编程挑战赛正式开启","子寅：不会“怼”产品经理，干不了程序员，更干不好脱口 秀"};
    private int[] imgs = {R.mipmap.a1,R.mipmap.a2,R.mipmap.a3,R.mipmap.a1, R.mipmap.a2, R.mipmap.a3}; 
    private List<News> list = new ArrayList<>(); 
    @Override 
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {             
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2); 
        initData(); 

        rv_news = findViewById(R.id.rv_news);
        NewsAdapter adapter = new NewsAdapter(list); 
        // 在设置适配器之前需要设置布局管理器 
        // 要不然 RecyclerView: No layout manager attached; skipping layout         
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);     
        //layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL); 
        // 加上此句话，效果就变为横向的 
        //GridLayoutManager layoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(this, 2); 
        // 如果加上分隔线，效果会更好 
        rv_news.addItemDecoration(new DividerItemDecoration(this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL)); 
        rv_news.setLayoutManager(layoutManager); 
        rv_news.setAdapter(adapter); 
    }

    private void initData() { 
        for (int i = 0;i < titles.length; i++) { 
            News news = new News(titles[i], imgs[i]); 

            list.add(news); 
        } 
    } 
}

Fragment

Fragment译为“碎片”，是Android 3.0（API 11）提出的，最开始是为了适配大屏的平板。

Fragment的概念         

       1. Fragment是依赖于Activity 的，不能独立存在。

       2. 一个Activity 里可以有多个 Fragment 。

       3. 一个Fragment 可以被多个 Activity 重用。

       4. Fragment有自己的生命周期，并能接收输入事件。

       5. 可以在Activity 运行时动态地添加或删除 Fragment 。

Fragment生命周期

     Activity 加载 Fragment 的时候，依次调用:

       onAttach() -> onCreate() -> onCreateView() ->onActivityCreated() -> onStart() ->onResume()

Fragment的静态加载

Fragment 的静态加载过程：

        1. 定义 Fragment 的布局，就是 fragment 显示内容

                fragment_footer.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" 
android:layout_width="match_parent" 
android:layout_height="match_parent" 
tools:context=".fragment.FooterFragment"> 
 
    <TextView 
        android:id="@+id/tv_footer" 
        android:layout_width="match_parent" 
        android:layout_height="80dp" 
        android:background="#83A8C5" 
        android:gravity="center" 
        android:textSize="24dp" 
        android:text="页尾" /> 
 
</FrameLayout>

2.自定义一个 Fragment 类，需要继承 Fragment 或者它的子类，重写 onCreateView() 方法，在该法

中调用 inflater.inflate() 方法加载 Fragment 的布局文件，接着返回加载的 view 对象。

FooterFragment.java

public class FooterFragment extends Fragment {
    // TODO: Rename parameter arguments, choose names that match 
    // the fragment initialization parameters, e.g. ARG_ITEM_NUMBER 
    private static final String ARG_PARAM1 = "param1"; 
    private static final String ARG_PARAM2 = "param2"; 
    // TODO: Rename and change types of parameters 
    private String mParam1; private String mParam2; 
    public FooterFragment() {
         // Required empty public constructor 
    }
    /*** Use this factory method to create a new instance of 
    * this fragment using the provided parameters. 
    ** @param param1 Parameter 1. 
    * @param param2 Parameter 2. 
    * @return A new instance of fragment FooterFragment. 
    */ 
    // TODO: Rename and change types and number of parameters 
    public static FooterFragment newInstance(String param1, String param2) { 
        FooterFragment fragment = new FooterFragment(); 
        Bundle args = new Bundle(); 
        args.putString(ARG_PARAM1, param1); 
        args.putString(ARG_PARAM2, param2); 
        fragment.setArguments(args); 
        return fragment;
    }
    @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {                             
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
        if (getArguments() != null) { 
        mParam1 = getArguments().getString(ARG_PARAM1); 
        mParam2 = getArguments().getString(ARG_PARAM2); 
        } 
    }
    @Override
   publicViewonCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater,ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState{ 
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment 
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_footer, container, false); 
    } 
}

3. 在需要加载 Fragment 的 Activity 对应的布局文件中添加 fragment 的标签，注意 name 属性是全限定

类名，就是要包含 Fragment 的包名。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout 
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".MainActivity4"> 
 
    <fragment 
        android:id="@+id/headerFragment" 
        android:layout_width="match_parent" 
        android:layout_height="80dp" 
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:name="com.hopu.cardviewdemo.fragment.HeaderFragment"/> 
    <fragment 
        android:id="@+id/footerFragment" 
        android:layout_width="match_parent" 
        android:layout_height="80dp" 
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:name="com.hopu.cardviewdemo.fragment.FooterFragment"/> 
 
</RelativeLayout>

id ， name 属性是必须的

4. Activity 在 onCreate( ) 方法中调用 setContentView() 加载布局文件。

Fragment的动态使用

Fragment 真正的强大之处在于可以动态地添加到 Activity 当中，因此这也是你必须要掌握的东西。当你

学会了在程序运行时向 Activity 添加 Fragment ，程序的界面就可以定制的更加多样化。

1. activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity2">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_one"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="第一个碎片" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_two"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="第二个碎片" />

    </LinearLayout>

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/fl_ly"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        >
    </FrameLayout>
</LinearLayout>

2. 创建 Fragment1

package com.hp.demo.fragement;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import com.hp.demo.R;

/**
 * A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
 * Use the {@link Fragment1#newInstance} factory method to
 * create an instance of this fragment.
 */
public class Fragment1 extends Fragment {

    // TODO: Rename parameter arguments, choose names that match
    // the fragment initialization parameters, e.g. ARG_ITEM_NUMBER
    private static final String ARG_PARAM1 = "param1";
    private static final String ARG_PARAM2 = "param2";

    // TODO: Rename and change types of parameters
    private String mParam1;
    private String mParam2;

    public Fragment1() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }

    /**
     * Use this factory method to create a new instance of
     * this fragment using the provided parameters.
     *
     * @param param1 Parameter 1.
     * @param param2 Parameter 2.
     * @return A new instance of fragment Fragment1.
     */
    // TODO: Rename and change types and number of parameters
    public static Fragment1 newInstance(String param1, String param2) {
        Fragment1 fragment = new Fragment1();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putString(ARG_PARAM1, param1);
        args.putString(ARG_PARAM2, param2);
        fragment.setArguments(args);
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        if (getArguments() != null) {
            mParam1 = getArguments().getString(ARG_PARAM1);
            mParam2 = getArguments().getString(ARG_PARAM2);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_1, container, false);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#1C8AE1"
    tools:context=".fragement.Fragment1">

    <!-- TODO: Update blank fragment layout -->
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:textColor="@color/black"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="机械人" />

</FrameLayout>

3. 创建Fragment2

package com.hp.demo.fragement;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import com.hp.demo.R;

/**
 * A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
 * Use the {@link Fragment2#newInstance} factory method to
 * create an instance of this fragment.
 */
public class Fragment2 extends Fragment {

    // TODO: Rename parameter arguments, choose names that match
    // the fragment initialization parameters, e.g. ARG_ITEM_NUMBER
    private static final String ARG_PARAM1 = "param1";
    private static final String ARG_PARAM2 = "param2";

    // TODO: Rename and change types of parameters
    private String mParam1;
    private String mParam2;

    public Fragment2() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }

    /**
     * Use this factory method to create a new instance of
     * this fragment using the provided parameters.
     *
     * @param param1 Parameter 1.
     * @param param2 Parameter 2.
     * @return A new instance of fragment Fragment2.
     */
    // TODO: Rename and change types and number of parameters
    public static Fragment2 newInstance(String param1, String param2) {
        Fragment2 fragment = new Fragment2();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putString(ARG_PARAM1, param1);
        args.putString(ARG_PARAM2, param2);
        fragment.setArguments(args);
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        if (getArguments() != null) {
            mParam1 = getArguments().getString(ARG_PARAM1);
            mParam2 = getArguments().getString(ARG_PARAM2);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_2, container, false);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#4CAF50"
    tools:context=".fragement.Fragment2">

    <!-- TODO: Update blank fragment layout -->
    <TextView
        android:textColor="@color/black"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:text="恕瑞玛" />

</FrameLayout>

4. 在活动中，点击按钮后切换 Fragment

package com.hp.demo;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import com.hp.demo.fragement.Fragment1;
import com.hp.demo.fragement.Fragment2;

public class MainActivity2 extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button btn_one,btn_two;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);

        btn_one=findViewById(R.id.btn_one);
        btn_two=findViewById(R.id.btn_two);

        btn_one.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Fragment1 fragment1=new Fragment1();
                getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fl_ly,fragment1).commit();
            }
        });
        btn_two.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Fragment2 fragment2=new Fragment2();
                getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fl_ly,fragment2).commit();
            }
        });
    }
}