【jdbc】JDBC

JDBC

一 概念

  • Java Database Connectivity,简称JDBC
  • JDBC:sun公司定义的一套操作数据库的规范,就是接口

二 四个核心的对象

  • DriverManager:依据数据库的不同,管理JDBC驱动
  • Connection: 负责连接数据库并担任传送数据的任务
  • Statement: 由 Connection 产生、负责执行SQL语句
  • ResultSet:负责保存Statement执行后所产生的查询结果

三 使用步骤

  • 注册驱动
  • 获取数据库连接对象 Connection
  • 定义sql
  • 获取执行sql语句的对象 Statement
  • 执行sql,接受返回结果
  • 处理结果
  • 释放资源
# 注册驱动
	Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
	- 括号中的数据不知道怎么写的时候,可以去复制
# 获取数据库连接对象 Connection,故名思意,连接肯定需要连接的地址,用户名和密码
	Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc", "root", "root");
	- 如果java操作数据库的时候有乱码,可以在地址后面跟   ?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
# 定义sql语句,就是个字符串,如果需要字符串拼接,注意单引号。
	 String sql = "update person set name='赵琳鹏' where id=1";
# 获取执行sql语句的对象 Statement,是由连接对象创建出来的
	Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
# 执行sql,接受返回结果
	- 1.查询executeQuery(SQL),会有返回值ResultSet,保存了查询的结果
	- 2.增删改executeUpdate(增删改SQL),返回一个数据,表示数据库中受影响的行数
# 处理结果 
	- ResultSet,可以把ResultSet看成我们java里的set,迭代的时候用next()方法
	- 获取每一列resultSet.getString(),括号中的参数可以是数字,从1开始,表示第几列,也可以是字符串,列名的字符串。
# 释放资源
	调用close()的方法

四 sql注入

# statement执行sql语句的时候会有sql注入的风险,所以推荐使用PreparedStatemen
	PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
	sql语句中的参数可以使用?代替
	statement.setInt(索引,值); 索引从1开始的
	setXXX  XXX代表数据类型
# 查询使用executeQuery(); 增删改使用executeUpdate();
	

五 工具类

public class JDBCUtils {
    private JDBCUtils(){}
    private static String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xuexi?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8";
    private static String user="root";
    private static String password="root";
    private static String driver="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    static {
        try {
            Class.forName(driver);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static Connection getConnection(){
        Connection connection = null;
        try {
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return connection;
    }

    public static void release(Connection connection, Statement statement, ResultSet resultSet){
        if(resultSet!=null){
            try {
                resultSet.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(connection!=null){
            try {
                connection.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        if(statement!=null){
            try {
                statement.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

六 案例

1 创建jdbc项目,并且导入资料中的jar包

在这里插入图片描述

2 创建JDBC工具类
package utils;

import java.sql.*;

/**
 * 工具类 ,也有人叫 BaseDao
 */
public class JDBCUtils {

    private JDBCUtils(){
    }
    public static Connection getConnection(){
        Connection connection = null;
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xuexi?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root", "root");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
        return connection;
    }

    public static void release(ResultSet rs, Statement statement,Connection connection){

        if(rs!=null){
            try {
                rs.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(statement!=null){
            try {
                statement.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(connection!=null){
            try {
                connection.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void release( Statement statement,Connection connection){

        if(statement!=null){
            try {
                statement.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(connection!=null){
            try {
                connection.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }


}

3 加密工具

package utils;

import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

public class MD5Utils {

    public static String encrypt(String password){
        MessageDigest md = null;
        String s = null;
        try {
            md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
            md.update(password.getBytes());
            s = new BigInteger(1, md.digest()).toString(16);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return s;
    }
}

4 实体类
package model;

/**
 * 实体类 ,一般放在model包下, entity
 */
public class User {
    private int id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String name;
    private String phone;
    private String email;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(int id, String username, String password, String name, String phone, String email) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.name = name;
        this.phone = phone;
        this.email = email;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }

    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }


}

4 dao层代码
package dao;


import model.User;

public interface ILoginDao {

    /**
     * 注册
     * @param user 用户的实体类
     * @return  返回值是一个数字,表示数据库中受影响的行数
     */
    int register(User user);

    /**
     * 登录
     * @param username  用户名
     * @param password  密码
     * @return
     */
    User login(String username, String password);

    /**
     * 修改用户信息
     * @param user
     * @return
     */
    int update(User user,String pw);

    /**
     * 删除用户
     * @param username
     * @param password
     * @return
     */
    int delete(String username, String password);

}

package dao.impl;



import dao.ILoginDao;
import model.User;
import utils.JDBCUtils;
import utils.MD5Utils;

import java.sql.*;

public class LoginDaoImpl implements ILoginDao {


    @Override
    public int register(User user) {
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement = null;
        int i = 0;
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            String sql = "insert into user () values (?,?,?,?,?,?)";
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            statement.setInt(1,user.getId());
            statement.setString(2,user.getUsername());
            statement.setString(3, MD5Utils.encrypt(user.getPassword()));
            statement.setString(4,user.getName());
            statement.setString(5,user.getPhone());
            statement.setString(6,user.getEmail());

            i = statement.executeUpdate(); // 数据库中受影响的行数
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //7 释放资源
            JDBCUtils.release(statement,connection);
        }
        return i;
    }

    @Override
    public User login(String username, String password) {
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        String sql = "select id,username,password,name,phone,email from user where username=? and password=?";
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            statement.setString(1,username);
            statement.setString(2,MD5Utils.encrypt(password));
            resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
            while (resultSet.next()){
                User user = new User();
                String id = resultSet.getString("id");
                user.setId(Integer.parseInt(id));
                user.setUsername(resultSet.getString("username"));
                user.setPassword(resultSet.getString("password"));
                user.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
                user.setPhone(resultSet.getString("phone"));
                user.setEmail(resultSet.getString("email"));
                return user;
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            JDBCUtils.release(resultSet,statement,connection);
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(User user,String pw) {
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        String sql = "update user set name=?,phone=?,password=? where username=? and password=?";
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            statement.setString(1,user.getName());
            statement.setString(2,user.getPhone());
            statement.setString(3,MD5Utils.encrypt(pw));
            statement.setString(4,user.getUsername());
            statement.setString(5,MD5Utils.encrypt(user.getPassword()));
            int i = statement.executeUpdate();
            return i;
        }catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            JDBCUtils.release(resultSet,statement,connection);
        }
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(String username, String password) {
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        String sql = "delete from user where username=? and password=?";
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            statement.setString(1,username);
            statement.setString(2,password);
            int i = statement.executeUpdate();
            return i;
        }catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            JDBCUtils.release(resultSet,statement,connection);
        }
        return 0;
    }
}

5 测试

package com.xinzhi.main;

import com.xinzhi.dao.IUserDao;
import com.xinzhi.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
import com.xinzhi.pojo.UserPojo;

import java.util.List;

public class User_Main {
    IUserDao userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
    public void add(){
        UserPojo us = new UserPojo();
        us.setId(0);
        us.setUsername("aaa");
        us.setPassword("1223");
        us.setEmail("123");
        int i = userDao.addUser(us);
        System.out.println(i>0 ?"新增成功":"新增失败");
    }
    public void delete(){
        int i = userDao.deleteUser(17);
        System.out.println(i>0 ? "删除成功":"删除失败");
    }
    public void update(){
        UserPojo us = new UserPojo();
        us.setPassword("123123");
        us.setId(16);
        int i = userDao.updateUser(us);
        System.out.println(i>0?"修改成功":i==0?"未修改":"修改失败");
    }
    public void getUserID(){
        UserPojo userDyID = userDao.getUserDyID(14);
        System.out.println(userDyID.getUsername()+"----"+userDyID.getPassword());
    }
    public  void getAllUser(){
        List<UserPojo> allUser = userDao.getAllUser();
        for (UserPojo a :
                allUser) {
            System.out.println(a.getId()+"--"+a.getUsername()+"-------"+a.getPassword());
        }
    }
    public void login(){
        UserPojo login = userDao.login("zhangsan","123");
        if (login!=null){
            System.out.println(login.getUsername()+"-------"+login.getPassword());
        }else{
            System.out.println("你输入的有误");
        }
    }
    public void getUserInfoDept(){
        List<UserPojo> userInfoDept = userDao.getUserInfoDept();
        for (UserPojo a :userInfoDept) {
            System.out.println(a.getUsername()+"---"+a.getDepPojo().getDepartment()+"----"+a.getSpPojo().getShopping());
        }
    }

}


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