OpenGL:对三角型做场景动画

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已于 2024-01-08 11:58:23 修改

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文章标签：游戏引擎 3d

于 2024-01-08 11:56:56 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_63609314/article/details/135453859

版权

这篇文章详细描述了一个使用C++编写的程序，它利用GLFW库创建窗口，并使用OpenGL进行3D图形渲染，包括顶点着色器、片段着色器以及三角形的动态移动。还展示了如何加载纹理和处理计算着色器的相关信息。

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Application.cpp

#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include "Utils.h"
using namespace std;

#define numVAOs 1

GLuint renderingProgram;
GLuint vao[numVAOs];
GLuint offsetLoc;
float x = 0.0f;    // 三角形在x轴的位置
float inc = 0.01f; // 移动三角形的偏移量

void init(GLFWwindow* window) {
	renderingProgram = Utils::createShaderProgram("vertShader.glsl", "fragShader.glsl");
	glGenVertexArrays(numVAOs, vao);
	glBindVertexArray(vao[0]);
}

void display(GLFWwindow* window, double currentTime) {
	glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
	glClearColor(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);//背景颜色
	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);  //每次调用背景都会被清除

	glUseProgram(renderingProgram);

	x += inc;   // 沿着x轴移动
	if (x > 1.0f) inc = -0.01f;  // 三角形向左移动
	if (x < -1.0f) inc = 0.01f;  // 三角形向右移动
	offsetLoc = glGetUniformLocation(renderingProgram, "offset"); // 获取指向“offset”的指针
	glProgramUniform1f(renderingProgram, offsetLoc, x);  // 将x的值赋给“offset”
	glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
}

int main(void) {
	if (!glfwInit()) { exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 4);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(960, 540, "Scene animation", NULL, NULL);
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
	if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK) { exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
	glfwSwapInterval(1);

	init(window);

	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
		display(window, glfwGetTime());
		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
		glfwPollEvents();
	}

	glfwDestroyWindow(window);
	glfwTerminate();
	exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

Utils.cpp

#define GLM_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL

#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <SOIL2/soil2.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cmath>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp> // glm::value_ptr
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp> // glm::translate, glm::rotate, glm::scale, glm::perspective
#include <glm/gtx/euler_angles.hpp>
#include "Utils.h"
using namespace std;

Utils::Utils() {}
//显示计算出的着色器限制
void Utils::displayComputeShaderLimits() {
	int work_grp_cnt[3];
	int work_grp_siz[3];
	int work_grp_inv;
	glGetIntegeri_v(GL_MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_COUNT, 0, &work_grp_cnt[0]);
	glGetIntegeri_v(GL_MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_COUNT, 1, &work_grp_cnt[1]);
	glGetIntegeri_v(GL_MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_COUNT, 2, &work_grp_cnt[2]);
	glGetIntegeri_v(GL_MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE, 0, &work_grp_siz[0]);
	glGetIntegeri_v(GL_MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE, 1, &work_grp_siz[1]);
	glGetIntegeri_v(GL_MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE, 2, &work_grp_siz[2]);
	glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_INVOCATIONS, &work_grp_inv);
	printf("maximum number of workgroups is: %i  %i  %i\n", work_grp_cnt[0], work_grp_cnt[1], work_grp_cnt[2]);
	printf("maximum size of workgroups is: %i  %i  %i\n", work_grp_siz[0], work_grp_siz[1], work_grp_siz[2]);
	printf("max local work group invocations %i\n", work_grp_inv);
}

string Utils::readShaderFile(const char *filePath) 
{
	string content;

	ifstream fileStream(filePath, ios::in);
	if (!fileStream.is_open())
	{
		throw "Unable to open file.";
	}
	string line = "";
	while (!fileStream.eof()) 
	{
		getline(fileStream, line);
		content.append(line + "\n");
	}
	fileStream.close();
	return content;
}

bool Utils::checkOpenGLError() 
{
	bool foundError = false;
	int glErr = glGetError();
	while (glErr != GL_NO_ERROR) 
	{
		cout << "glError: " << glErr << endl;
		foundError = true;
		glErr = glGetError();
	}
	return foundError;
}

void Utils::printShaderLog(GLuint shader) 
{
	int len = 0;
	int chWrittn = 0;
	char *log;
	glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &len);
	if (len > 0) 
	{
		log = (char *)malloc(len);
		glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, len, &chWrittn, log);
		cout << "Shader Info Log: " << log << endl;
		free(log);
	}
}
//着色器准备
GLuint Utils::prepareShader(int shaderTYPE, const char *shaderPath)
{
	GLint shaderCompiled;
	string shaderStr = readShaderFile(shaderPath);
	const char *shaderSrc = shaderStr.c_str();
	GLuint shaderRef = glCreateShader(shaderTYPE);//创建一个着色器对象

	if (shaderRef == 0 || shaderRef == GL_INVALID_ENUM)
	{
		printf("Error: Could not create shader \"%s\" of type:%d\n", shaderPath, shaderTYPE);
		return 0;
	}

	glShaderSource(shaderRef, 1, &shaderSrc, NULL);// 替换着色器对象中的源代码
	glCompileShader(shaderRef);
	checkOpenGLError();
	
	glGetShaderiv(shaderRef, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &shaderCompiled);//glGetShaderiv从着色器对象返回参数shaderCompiled
	if (shaderCompiled != GL_TRUE)
	{
		if (shaderTYPE == GL_VERTEX_SHADER) cout << "Vertex ";
		if (shaderTYPE == GL_TESS_CONTROL_SHADER) cout << "Tess Control ";
		if (shaderTYPE == GL_TESS_EVALUATION_SHADER) cout << "Tess Eval ";
		if (shaderTYPE == GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER) cout << "Geometry ";
		if (shaderTYPE == GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER) cout << "Fragment ";
		if (shaderTYPE == GL_COMPUTE_SHADER) cout << "Compute ";
		cout << "shader compilation error for shader: '" << shaderPath << "'." << endl;
		printShaderLog(shaderRef);
	}


	//====================================
	// Custom Compilation Error Checking
	//====================================
	//checkOpenGLError();
	/*GLint compiled;
	glGetShaderiv(shaderRef, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compiled);
	if (compiled != GL_TRUE)
	{
		printf("Error: Failed to compile shader \"%s\".\n", shaderPath);

		GLint log_size = 0;
		glGetShaderiv(shaderRef, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &log_size);

		printf("Shader log length: %d\n", log_size);

		GLchar* info_log = (GLchar*)malloc(sizeof(GLchar)*log_size);
		glGetShaderInfoLog(shaderRef, log_size, &log_size, info_log);
		printf("Compilation Log: '%s'\n", info_log);
		printf("First 5 chars: %d %d %d %d %d\n", info_log[0], info_log[1], info_log[2], info_log[3], info_log[4]);
		free(info_log);
		glDeleteShader(shaderRef);
		return 0;

	}*/
	//====================================
	return shaderRef;
}

void Utils::printProgramLog(int prog) 
{
	int len = 0;
	int chWrittn = 0;
	char *log;
	glGetProgramiv(prog, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &len);//从程序对象返回参数len
	if (len > 0) {
		log = (char *)malloc(len);
		glGetProgramInfoLog(prog, len, &chWrittn, log);
		cout << "Program Info Log: " << log << endl;
		free(log);
	}
}

int Utils::finalizeShaderProgram(GLuint sprogram)
{
	GLint linked;
	glLinkProgram(sprogram);
	checkOpenGLError();
	glGetProgramiv(sprogram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &linked);
	if (linked != 1)
	{
		cout << "linking failed" << endl;
		printProgramLog(sprogram);
	}
	return sprogram;
}

GLuint Utils::createShaderProgram(const char *cp)
{
	GLuint cShader = prepareShader(GL_COMPUTE_SHADER, cp);
	GLuint cprogram = glCreateProgram();
	glAttachShader(cprogram, cShader);
	finalizeShaderProgram(cprogram);
	return cprogram;
}
//创建着色器：顶点着色器和片段着色器
GLuint Utils::createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *fp) 
{
	GLuint vShader = prepareShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vp);
	GLuint fShader = prepareShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fp);
	GLuint vfprogram = glCreateProgram();
	glAttachShader(vfprogram, vShader);//将着色器对象附加到程序对象
	glAttachShader(vfprogram, fShader);
	finalizeShaderProgram(vfprogram);
	return vfprogram;
}
//创建着色器：顶点着色器、几何着色器、片段着色器
GLuint Utils::createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *gp, const char *fp) 
{
	GLuint vShader = prepareShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vp);
	GLuint gShader = prepareShader(GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER, gp);
	GLuint fShader = prepareShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fp);
	GLuint vgfprogram = glCreateProgram();
	glAttachShader(vgfprogram, vShader);
	glAttachShader(vgfprogram, gShader);
	glAttachShader(vgfprogram, fShader);
	finalizeShaderProgram(vgfprogram);
	return vgfprogram;
}
//创建着色器：顶点着色器、控制阶段的可编程曲面细分处理器上运行的着色器
//评估阶段的可编程曲面细分处理器上运行的着色器、片段着色器
GLuint Utils::createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *tCS, const char* tES, const char *fp) 
{
	GLuint vShader = prepareShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vp);
	GLuint tcShader = prepareShader(GL_TESS_CONTROL_SHADER, tCS);
	GLuint teShader = prepareShader(GL_TESS_EVALUATION_SHADER, tES);
	GLuint fShader = prepareShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fp);
	GLuint vtfprogram = glCreateProgram();
	glAttachShader(vtfprogram, vShader);
	glAttachShader(vtfprogram, tcShader);
	glAttachShader(vtfprogram, teShader);
	glAttachShader(vtfprogram, fShader);
	finalizeShaderProgram(vtfprogram);
	return vtfprogram;
}
/*创建着色器：顶点着色器、控制阶段的可编程曲面细分处理器上运行的着色器、
评估阶段的可编程曲面细分处理器上运行的着色器、几何着色器、片段着色器*/
GLuint Utils::createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *tCS, const char* tES, char *gp, const char *fp) 
{
	GLuint vShader = prepareShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vp);
	GLuint tcShader = prepareShader(GL_TESS_CONTROL_SHADER, tCS);
	GLuint teShader = prepareShader(GL_TESS_EVALUATION_SHADER, tES);
	GLuint gShader = prepareShader(GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER, gp);
	GLuint fShader = prepareShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fp);
	GLuint vtgfprogram = glCreateProgram();
	glAttachShader(vtgfprogram, vShader);
	glAttachShader(vtgfprogram, tcShader);
	glAttachShader(vtgfprogram, teShader);
	glAttachShader(vtgfprogram, gShader);
	glAttachShader(vtgfprogram, fShader);
	finalizeShaderProgram(vtgfprogram);
	return vtgfprogram;
}

GLuint Utils::loadCubeMap(const char *mapDir) 
{
	GLuint textureRef;
	string xp = mapDir; xp = xp + "/xp.jpg";
	string xn = mapDir; xn = xn + "/xn.jpg";
	string yp = mapDir; yp = yp + "/yp.jpg";
	string yn = mapDir; yn = yn + "/yn.jpg";
	string zp = mapDir; zp = zp + "/zp.jpg";
	string zn = mapDir; zn = zn + "/zn.jpg";
	textureRef = SOIL_load_OGL_cubemap(xp.c_str(), xn.c_str(), yp.c_str(), yn.c_str(), zp.c_str(), zn.c_str(),
		SOIL_LOAD_AUTO, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS);
	if (textureRef == 0) cout << "didnt find cube map image file" << endl;
	//	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, textureRef);
	// reduce seams
	//	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
	//	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
	//	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
	return textureRef;
}
//载入纹理
GLuint Utils::loadTexture(const char *texImagePath)
{
	GLuint textureRef;
	textureRef = SOIL_load_OGL_texture(texImagePath, SOIL_LOAD_AUTO, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_INVERT_Y);
	if (textureRef == 0) cout << "didnt find texture file " << texImagePath << endl;
	// ----- mipmap/anisotropic section
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureRef);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
	glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);//为指定的纹理对象生成贴图
	if (glewIsSupported("GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic")) {
		GLfloat anisoset = 0.0f;
		glGetFloatv(GL_MAX_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT, &anisoset);
		glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT, anisoset);
	}
	// ----- end of mipmap/anisotropic section
	return textureRef;
}

// GOLD 材质-环境，漫射，镜面，和光泽
float* Utils::goldAmbient() { static float a[4] = { 0.2473f, 0.1995f, 0.0745f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float* Utils::goldDiffuse() { static float a[4] = { 0.7516f, 0.6065f, 0.2265f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float* Utils::goldSpecular() { static float a[4] = { 0.6283f, 0.5559f, 0.3661f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float Utils::goldShininess() { return 51.2f; }

// SILVER 材质-环境，漫射，镜面，和光泽
float* Utils::silverAmbient() { static float a[4] = { 0.1923f, 0.1923f, 0.1923f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float* Utils::silverDiffuse() { static float a[4] = { 0.5075f, 0.5075f, 0.5075f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float* Utils::silverSpecular() { static float a[4] = { 0.5083f, 0.5083f, 0.5083f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float Utils::silverShininess() { return 51.2f; }

// BRONZE 材质-环境，漫射，镜面，和光泽
float* Utils::bronzeAmbient() { static float a[4] = { 0.2125f, 0.1275f, 0.0540f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float* Utils::bronzeDiffuse() { static float a[4] = { 0.7140f, 0.4284f, 0.1814f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float* Utils::bronzeSpecular() { static float a[4] = { 0.3936f, 0.2719f, 0.1667f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float Utils::bronzeShininess() { return 25.6f; }

Utils.h

#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <SOIL2/soil2.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

class Utils
{
private:
	static std::string readShaderFile(const char *filePath);
	static void printShaderLog(GLuint shader);
	static void printProgramLog(int prog);
	static GLuint prepareShader(int shaderTYPE, const char *shaderPath);
	static int finalizeShaderProgram(GLuint sprogram);

public:
	Utils();
	static void displayComputeShaderLimits();
	static bool checkOpenGLError();
	static GLuint createShaderProgram(const char *cp);
	static GLuint createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *fp);
	static GLuint createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *gp, const char *fp);
	static GLuint createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *tCS, const char* tES, const char *fp);
	static GLuint createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *tCS, const char* tES, char *gp, const char *fp);
	static GLuint loadTexture(const char *texImagePath);
	static GLuint loadCubeMap(const char *mapDir);

	static float* goldAmbient();
	static float* goldDiffuse();
	static float* goldSpecular();
	static float goldShininess();

	static float* silverAmbient();
	static float* silverDiffuse();
	static float* silverSpecular();
	static float silverShininess();

	static float* bronzeAmbient();
	static float* bronzeDiffuse();
	static float* bronzeSpecular();
	static float bronzeShininess();
};

fragShader.glsl 文件内容：

#version 430
out vec4 color;
void main(void)
{
color = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0);
}

vertShader.glsl 文件内容：

#version 430

uniform float offset;

void main(void)
{ if (gl_VertexID == 0) gl_Position = vec4( 0.25+offset,-0.25, 0.0, 1.0);
else if (gl_VertexID == 1) gl_Position = vec4(-0.25+offset,-0.25, 0.0, 1.0);
else gl_Position = vec4( 0.25+offset, 0.25, 0.0, 1.0);
}