这是我单片机课设的学习内容，希望能好好做个总结。
课程设计主要参考资料：
（1）《TM1637芯片手册》
（2）《单片机课程设计指导书》（自编）
（3）《STC单片机编译（汇编）/编程（烧录）/仿真工具说明书》
硬件方案
本系统由STC15W4K56S4（主芯片）单片机+信号输入+LM324运算放大器整形电路++TM1638（时钟数码管芯片）显示模块构成。
设计功能
1、本设计基于STC15W4K56S4（与STC15W4K32S4通用）。
2、准确测量0-238000HZ。（误差为0.8%）
3、有数码管和LED灯。可以通过数码管和数码管的显示情况知道频率的测量范围。
4、能检测出三角波、正弦波或方波等波形的频率
本设计是和小伙伴一起自主完成焊接和设计程序，代码和焊接均原创，原创不易请支持！
（此为6HZ的频率测量结果）
首先展示一下仿真图，从仿真图可以一目了然电路的设计。
（仿真的误差稍微大一点，是1.4%，我也是借鉴了其他大佬的连接方式，但是不知道怎么精确误差，敬请大佬指正。）
数码管有四个接线口，一个VCC,一个GND,一个CLK接了P3.7，一个DIO接了P2.0。所以数码管显示函数：
#include "stc15.h"
#include "intrins.h"
#define u8 unsigned char
#define u16 unsigned int
sbit signal = P3^2; //阳，外部中断0
sbit clk = P3^7;
sbit dio = P2^0;
sbit red = P0^1; //阴极
sbit green = P0^0; //阴极
const u8 duan[10] = {0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07,0x7f,0x6f,};//0~9
//因为stc15w4k32s4系列的芯片上电后与PWM有关的IO口均为高阻态，
//需要将这些IO口设置为准双向口或强推挽模式才能正常使用。
//相关的IO口有：P06、P07、P16、P17、P21、P22、P23、P27、P37、P42、P44、P45
void GPIO_config() //IO配置函数，设置为准双向口
{
P0M0 = 0; P0M1 = 0;
P1M0 = 0; P1M1 = 0;
P2M0 = 0; P2M1 = 0;
P3M0 = 0; P3M1 = 0;
P4M0 = 0; P4M1 = 0;
P5M0 = 0; P5M1 = 0;
}
void Delay_us(u16 i)
{
for(;i>0;i--)
_nop_();
}
void I2CStart(void) //1637开始
{
clk = 1;
dio = 1;
Delay_us(2);
dio = 0;
}
void I2Cask(void) //1637应答
{
clk = 0;
Delay_us(5); //在第八个时钟下降沿之后延时5us，开始判断ACK信号
while(dio);
clk = 1;
Delay_us(2);
clk=0;
}
void I2CStop(void) //1637停止
{
clk = 0;
Delay_us(2);
dio = 0;
Delay_us(2);
clk = 1;
Delay_us(2);
dio = 1;
}
void I2CWrByte(u8 oneByte) //写一个字节
{
u8 i;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
clk = 0;
if(oneByte&0x01) //低位在前
{
dio = 1;
}
else
{
dio = 0;
}
Delay_us(3);
oneByte=oneByte>>1;
clk=1;
Delay_us(3);
}
}
void SmgDisplay(u16 Data) //写显示寄存器
{
u8 i = 0;
u16 Data1 = Data, k = 1000;
I2CStart(); //开始I2C通信
I2CWrByte(0x40); // 40H地址自动加1模式，44H固定地址模式，本程序采用自加1模式
I2Cask(); //等待设备的应答
I2CStop(); //停止I2C通信
I2CStart(); //重新开始I2C通信
I2CWrByte(0xc0); //设置首地址
I2Cask(); //等待设备的应答
while(i<4) //地址自加，不必每次都写地址，通过简单算法确定每位数码管显示什么数字
{
Data1 = Data/k;
I2CWrByte(duan[Data1]); //送数据
I2Cask(); //等待设备的应答
i++; //地址加一，加到下一位数码管
if(i == 4) Data = Data;
else Data = Data%k;
k = k/10;
}
I2CStop(); //停止I2C通信
I2CStart(); //重新开始I2C通信
I2CWrByte(0x8f); //开显示，最大亮度
I2Cask(); //等待设备的应答
I2CStop(); 停止I2C通信
}
void tm1637Init() //初始化TM1637
{
clk = 1;
dio = 1;
}
其中的两个头文件如下：
1."intrins.h"
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTRINS.H
Intrinsic functions for C51.
Copyright (c) 1988-2010 Keil Elektronik GmbH and ARM Germany GmbH
All rights reserved.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __INTRINS_H__
#define __INTRINS_H__
#pragma SAVE
#if defined (__CX2__)
#pragma FUNCTIONS(STATIC)
/* intrinsic functions are reentrant, but need static attribute */
#endif
extern void _nop_ (void);
extern bit _testbit_ (bit);
extern unsigned char _cror_ (unsigned char, unsigned char);
extern unsigned int _iror_ (unsigned int, unsigned char);
extern unsigned long _lror_ (unsigned long, unsigned char);
extern unsigned char _crol_ (unsigned char, unsigned char);
extern unsigned int _irol_ (unsigned int, unsigned char);
extern unsigned long _lrol_ (unsigned long, unsigned char);
extern unsigned char _chkfloat_(float);
#if defined (__CX2__)
extern int abs (int);
extern void _illop_ (void);
#endif
#if !defined (__CX2__)
extern void _push_ (unsigned char _sfr);
extern void _pop_ (unsigned char _sfr);
#endif
#pragma RESTORE
#endif
2."stc15.h"
#ifndef __STC15F2K60S2_H_
#define __STC15F2K60S2_H_
/
//注意: STC15W4K32S4系列的芯片,上电后所有与PWM相关的IO口均为
// 高阻态,需将这些口设置为准双向口或强推挽模式方可正常使用
//相关IO: P0.6/P0.7/P1.6/P1.7/P2.1/P2.2
// P2.3/P2.7/P3.7/P4.2/P4.4/P4.5
/
/
//包含本头文件后,不用另外再包含"REG51.H"
//内核特殊功能寄存器 // 复位值 描述
sfr ACC = 0xE0; //0000,0000 累加器Accumulator
sfr B = 0xF0; //0000,0000 B寄存器
sfr PSW = 0xD0; //0000,0000 程序状态字
sbit CY = PSW^7;
sbit AC = PSW^6;
sbit F0 = PSW^5;
sbit RS1 = PSW^4;
sbit RS0 = PSW^3;
sbit OV = PSW^2;
sbit P = PSW^0;
sfr SP = 0x81; //0000,0111 堆栈指针
sfr DPL = 0x82; //0000,0000 数据指针低字节
sfr DPH = 0x83; //0000,0000 数据指针高字节
//I/O 口特殊功能寄存器
sfr P0 = 0x80; //1111,1111 端口0
sbit P00 = P0^0;
sbit P01 = P0^1;
sbit P02 = P0^2;
sbit P03 = P0^3;
sbit P04 = P0^4;
sbit P05 = P0^5;
sbit P06 = P0^6;
sbit P07 = P0^7;
sfr P1 = 0x90; //1111,1111 端口1
sbit P10 = P1^0;
sbit P11 = P1^1;
sbit P12 = P1^2;
sbit P13 = P1^3;
sbit P14 = P1^4;
sbit P15 = P1^5;
sbit P16 = P1^6;
sbit P17 = P1^7;
sfr P2 = 0xA0; //1111,1111 端口2
sbit P20 = P2^0;
sbit P21 = P2^1;
sbit P22 = P2^2;
sbit P23 = P2^3;
sbit P24 = P2^4;
sbit P25 = P2^5;
sbit P26 = P2^6;
sbit P27 = P2^7;
sfr P3 = 0xB0; //1111,1111 端口3
sbit P30 = P3^0;
sbit P31 = P3^1;
sbit P32 = P3^2;
sbit P33 = P3^3;
sbit P34 = P3^4;
sbit P35 = P3^5;
sbit P36 = P3^6;
sbit P37 = P3^7;
sfr P4 = 0xC0; //1111,1111 端口4
sbit P40 = P4^0;
sbit P41 = P4^1;
sbit P42 = P4^2;
sbit P43 = P4^3;
sbit P44 = P4^4;
sbit P45 = P4^5;
sbit P46 = P4^6;
sbit P47 = P4^7;
sfr P5 = 0xC8; //xxxx,1111 端口5
sbit P50 = P5^0;
sbit P51 = P5^1;
sbit P52 = P5^2;
sbit P53 = P5^3;
sbit P54 = P5^4;
sbit P55 = P5^5;
sbit P56 = P5^6;
sbit P57 = P5^7;
sfr P6 = 0xE8; //0000,0000 端口6
sbit P60 = P6^0;
sbit P61 = P6^1;
sbit P62 = P6^2;
sbit P63 = P6^3;
sbit P64 = P6^4;
sbit P65 = P6^5;
sbit P66 = P6^6;
sbit P67 = P6^7;
sfr P7 = 0xF8; //0000,0000 端口7
sbit P70 = P7^0;
sbit P71 = P7^1;
sbit P72 = P7^2;
sbit P73 = P7^3;
sbit P74 = P7^4;
sbit P75 = P7^5;
sbit P76 = P7^6;
sbit P77 = P7^7;
sfr P0M0 = 0x94; //0000,0000 端口0模式寄存器0
sfr P0M1 = 0x93; //0000,0000 端口0模式寄存器1
sfr P1M0 = 0x92; //0000,0000 端口1模式寄存器0
sfr P1M1 = 0x91; //0000,0000 端口1模式寄存器1
sfr P2M0 = 0x96; //0000,0000 端口2模式寄存器0
sfr P2M1 = 0x95; //0000,0000 端口2模式寄存器1
sfr P3M0 = 0xB2; //0000,0000 端口3模式寄存器0
sfr P3M1 = 0xB1; //0000,0000 端口3模式寄存器1
sfr P4M0 = 0xB4; //0000,0000 端口4模式寄存器0
sfr P4M1 = 0xB3; //0000,0000 端口4模式寄存器1
sfr P5M0 = 0xCA; //0000,0000 端口5模式寄存器0
sfr P5M1 = 0xC9; //0000,0000 端口5模式寄存器1
sfr P6M0 = 0xCC; //0000,0000 端口6模式寄存器0
sfr P6M1 = 0xCB; //0000,0000 端口6模式寄存器1
sfr P7M0 = 0xE2; //0000,0000 端口7模式寄存器0
sfr P7M1 = 0xE1; //0000,0000 端口7模式寄存器1
//系统管理特殊功能寄存器
sfr PCON = 0x87; //0001,0000 电源控制寄存器
sfr AUXR = 0x8E; //0000,0000 辅助寄存器
sfr AUXR1 = 0xA2; //0000,0000 辅助寄存器1
sfr P_SW1 = 0xA2; //0000,0000 外设端口切换寄存器1
sfr CLK_DIV = 0x97; //0000,0000 时钟分频控制寄存器
sfr BUS_SPEED = 0xA1; //xx10,x011 总线速度控制寄存器
sfr P1ASF = 0x9D; //0000,0000 端口1模拟功能配置寄存器
sfr P_SW2 = 0xBA; //0xxx,x000 外设端口切换寄存器
//中断特殊功能寄存器
sfr IE = 0xA8; //0000,0000 中断控制寄存器
sbit EA = IE^7;
sbit ELVD = IE^6;
sbit EADC = IE^5;
sbit ES = IE^4;
sbit ET1 = IE^3;
sbit EX1 = IE^2;
sbit ET0 = IE^1;
sbit EX0 = IE^0;
sfr IP = 0xB8; //0000,0000 中断优先级寄存器
sbit PPCA = IP^7;
sbit PLVD = IP^6;
sbit PADC = IP^5;
sbit PS = IP^4;
sbit PT1 = IP^3;
sbit PX1 = IP^2;
sbit PT0 = IP^1;
sbit PX0 = IP^0;
sfr IE2 = 0xAF; //0000,0000 中断控制寄存器2
sfr IP2 = 0xB5; //xxxx,xx00 中断优先级寄存器2
sfr INT_CLKO = 0x8F; //0000,0000 外部中断与时钟输出控制寄存器
//定时器特殊功能寄存器
sfr TCON = 0x88; //0000,0000 T0/T1控制寄存器
sbit TF1 = TCON^7;
sbit TR1 = TCON^6;
sbit TF0 = TCON^5;
sbit TR0 = TCON^4;
sbit IE1 = TCON^3;
sbit IT1 = TCON^2;
sbit IE0 = TCON^1;
sbit IT0 = TCON^0;
sfr TMOD = 0x89; //0000,0000 T0/T1模式寄存器
sfr TL0 = 0x8A; //0000,0000 T0低字节
sfr TL1 = 0x8B; //0000,0000 T1低字节
sfr TH0 = 0x8C; //0000,0000 T0高字节
sfr TH1 = 0x8D; //0000,0000 T1高字节
sfr T4T3M = 0xD1; //0000,0000 T3/T4模式寄存器
sfr T3T4M = 0xD1; //0000,0000 T3/T4模式寄存器
sfr T4H = 0xD2; //0000,0000 T4高字节
sfr T4L = 0xD3; //0000,0000 T4低字节
sfr T3H = 0xD4; //0000,0000 T3高字节
sfr T3L = 0xD5; //0000,0000 T3低字节
sfr T2H = 0xD6; //0000,0000 T2高字节
sfr T2L = 0xD7; //0000,0000 T2低字节
sfr WKTCL = 0xAA; //0000,0000 掉电唤醒定时器低字节
sfr WKTCH = 0xAB; //0000,0000 掉电唤醒定时器高字节
sfr WDT_CONTR = 0xC1; //0000,0000 看门狗控制寄存器
//串行口特殊功能寄存器
sfr SCON = 0x98; //0000,0000 串口1控制寄存器
sbit SM0 = SCON^7;
sbit SM1 = SCON^6;
sbit SM2 = SCON^5;
sbit REN = SCON^4;
sbit TB8 = SCON^3;
sbit RB8 = SCON^2;
sbit TI = SCON^1;
sbit RI = SCON^0;
sfr SBUF = 0x99; //xxxx,xxxx 串口1数据寄存器
sfr S2CON = 0x9A; //0000,0000 串口2控制寄存器
sfr S2BUF = 0x9B; //xxxx,xxxx 串口2数据寄存器
sfr S3CON = 0xAC; //0000,0000 串口3控制寄存器
sfr S3BUF = 0xAD; //xxxx,xxxx 串口3数据寄存器
sfr S4CON = 0x84; //0000,0000 串口4控制寄存器
sfr S4BUF = 0x85; //xxxx,xxxx 串口4数据寄存器
sfr SADDR = 0xA9; //0000,0000 从机地址寄存器
sfr SADEN = 0xB9; //0000,0000 从机地址屏蔽寄存器
//ADC 特殊功能寄存器
sfr ADC_CONTR = 0xBC; //0000,0000 A/D转换控制寄存器
sfr ADC_RES = 0xBD; //0000,0000 A/D转换结果高8位
sfr ADC_RESL = 0xBE; //0000,0000 A/D转换结果低2位
//SPI 特殊功能寄存器
sfr SPSTAT = 0xCD; //00xx,xxxx SPI状态寄存器
sfr SPCTL = 0xCE; //0000,0100 SPI控制寄存器
sfr SPDAT = 0xCF; //0000,0000 SPI数据寄存器
//IAP/ISP 特殊功能寄存器
sfr IAP_DATA = 0xC2; //0000,0000 EEPROM数据寄存器
sfr IAP_ADDRH = 0xC3; //0000,0000 EEPROM地址高字节
sfr IAP_ADDRL = 0xC4; //0000,0000 EEPROM地址第字节
sfr IAP_CMD = 0xC5; //xxxx,xx00 EEPROM命令寄存器
sfr IAP_TRIG = 0xC6; //0000,0000 EEPRPM命令触发寄存器
sfr IAP_CONTR = 0xC7; //0000,x000 EEPROM控制寄存器
//PCA/PWM 特殊功能寄存器
sfr CCON = 0xD8; //00xx,xx00 PCA控制寄存器
sbit CF = CCON^7;
sbit CR = CCON^6;
sbit CCF2 = CCON^2;
sbit CCF1 = CCON^1;
sbit CCF0 = CCON^0;
sfr CMOD = 0xD9; //0xxx,x000 PCA 工作模式寄存器
sfr CL = 0xE9; //0000,0000 PCA计数器低字节
sfr CH = 0xF9; //0000,0000 PCA计数器高字节
sfr CCAPM0 = 0xDA; //0000,0000 PCA模块0的PWM寄存器
sfr CCAPM1 = 0xDB; //0000,0000 PCA模块1的PWM寄存器
sfr CCAPM2 = 0xDC; //0000,0000 PCA模块2的PWM 寄存器
sfr CCAP0L = 0xEA; //0000,0000 PCA模块0的捕捉/比较寄存器低字节
sfr CCAP1L = 0xEB; //0000,0000 PCA模块1的捕捉/比较寄存器低字节
sfr CCAP2L = 0xEC; //0000,0000 PCA模块2的捕捉/比较寄存器低字节
sfr PCA_PWM0 = 0xF2; //xxxx,xx00 PCA模块0的PWM寄存器
sfr PCA_PWM1 = 0xF3; //xxxx,xx00 PCA模块1的PWM寄存器
sfr PCA_PWM2 = 0xF4; //xxxx,xx00 PCA模块1的PWM寄存器
sfr CCAP0H = 0xFA; //0000,0000 PCA模块0的捕捉/比较寄存器高字节
sfr CCAP1H = 0xFB; //0000,0000 PCA模块1的捕捉/比较寄存器高字节
sfr CCAP2H = 0xFC; //0000,0000 PCA模块2的捕捉/比较寄存器高字节
//比较器特殊功能寄存器
sfr CMPCR1 = 0xE6; //0000,0000 比较器控制寄存器1
sfr CMPCR2 = 0xE7; //0000,0000 比较器控制寄存器2
//增强型PWM波形发生器特殊功能寄存器
sfr PWMCFG = 0xf1; //x000,0000 PWM配置寄存器
sfr PWMCR = 0xf5; //0000,0000 PWM控制寄存器
sfr PWMIF = 0xf6; //x000,0000 PWM中断标志寄存器
sfr PWMFDCR = 0xf7; //xx00,0000 PWM外部异常检测控制寄存器
//如下特殊功能寄存器位于扩展RAM区域
//访问这些寄存器,需先将P_SW2的BIT7设置为1,才可正常读写
#define PWMC (*(unsigned int volatile xdata *)0xfff0)
#define PWMCH (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xfff0)
#define PWMCL (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xfff1)
#define PWMCKS (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xfff2)
#define PWM2T1 (*(unsigned int volatile xdata *)0xff00)
#define PWM2T1H (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff00)
#define PWM2T1L (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff01)
#define PWM2T2 (*(unsigned int volatile xdata *)0xff02)
#define PWM2T2H (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff02)
#define PWM2T2L (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff03)
#define PWM2CR (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff04)
#define PWM3T1 (*(unsigned int volatile xdata *)0xff10)
#define PWM3T1H (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff10)
#define PWM3T1L (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff11)
#define PWM3T2 (*(unsigned int volatile xdata *)0xff12)
#define PWM3T2H (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff12)
#define PWM3T2L (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff13)
#define PWM3CR (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff14)
#define PWM4T1 (*(unsigned int volatile xdata *)0xff20)
#define PWM4T1H (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff20)
#define PWM4T1L (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff21)
#define PWM4T2 (*(unsigned int volatile xdata *)0xff22)
#define PWM4T2H (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff22)
#define PWM4T2L (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff23)
#define PWM4CR (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff24)
#define PWM5T1 (*(unsigned int volatile xdata *)0xff30)
#define PWM5T1H (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff30)
#define PWM5T1L (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff31)
#define PWM5T2 (*(unsigned int volatile xdata *)0xff32)
#define PWM5T2H (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff32)
#define PWM5T2L (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff33)
#define PWM5CR (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff34)
#define PWM6T1 (*(unsigned int volatile xdata *)0xff40)
#define PWM6T1H (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff40)
#define PWM6T1L (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff41)
#define PWM6T2 (*(unsigned int volatile xdata *)0xff42)
#define PWM6T2H (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff42)
#define PWM6T2L (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff43)
#define PWM6CR (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff44)
#define PWM7T1 (*(unsigned int volatile xdata *)0xff50)
#define PWM7T1H (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff50)
#define PWM7T1L (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff51)
#define PWM7T2 (*(unsigned int volatile xdata *)0xff52)
#define PWM7T2H (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff52)
#define PWM7T2L (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff53)
#define PWM7CR (*(unsigned char volatile xdata *)0xff54)
/
#endif
频率接收器通过一个运放电路和P3.2INT0连接，也就是说通过外部中断0接收频率并计数。（在这里必须指出外部中断0计数的坏处，呜呜呜，因为是中断接收，所以频率只能测到200KHZ附近。如果是用定时器计数会大大增加范围，可以测到MHZ。我和搭档因为已经连好了电路和设计好了程序就来不及改了，大家可以试试）
我们还用到了定时器0计时，计时一秒钟收到的脉冲数（也就是外部中断0来的脉冲数）即为频率数。整个思路还是非常简单哒，哈哈哈哈，大家可以细心改编写程序遇到的小问题就行。
测频代码：
void timerInit()
{
EA = 1; //使能总中断
EX0 = 1; //使能外部中断0
IT0 = 1; //选择脉冲触发
AUXR &= 0xBF; //定时器时钟12T模式
TMOD &= 0x0F; //设置定时器模式
TL1 = 0x00; //设置定时初值50ms
TH1 = 0x4C; //设置定时初值
TF1 = 0; //清除TF1标志
TR1 = 1; //定时器1开始计时
ET1 = 1; //使能定时器1中断
}
void int0() interrupt 0
{
count++;
}
void timer1() interrupt 3
{
time++;
if(time==20) //计时到1s
{
if((count >= 10000)&&(count <= 50000)) //10kHz-50kHz
{
f = count/1000;
red = 0; green = 1; //亮红灯，灭绿灯
}
else if(count < 10000) //0-9999Hz
{
f = count;
red = 1; green = 0; //亮绿灯，灭红灯
}
else if((count > 50000)&&(count <= 1000000)) //50kHz-1MHz
{
f = count/1000;
red = 0; green = 0; //亮红灯，亮绿灯
}
count = 0;
time = 0;
}
}
void main()
{
GPIO_config(); //初始化IO端口
tm1637Init(); //初始化TM1637
timerInit(); //初始化外部中断0和定时器1
while(1)
{
SmgDisplay(f); //数码管显示频率
}
}代码就是这么简简单单啦!
敬请指正，多多支持！
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