图像直方图就是用表示数字图像中亮度分布的直方图,标绘了图像中每个亮度值的像素数,可以借助观察该直方图了解如何调整亮度分布。
直方图意义如下:
.直方图是图像中像素强度分布的图形表达式
.它统计了每一个强度值所具有的像素个数
绘制H-S直方图示例:
#include"stdafx.h" #include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp> #include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp> #include <opencv2/core/core.hpp> #include <opencv2/objdetect/objdetect.hpp> #include<opencv2/photo/photo.hpp> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <iostream> using namespace cv; using namespace std; int main() { Mat image = imread("E:\\pictures\\For_Project\\Opencv_Test\\beauty.jpg", -1); if (!image.data)cout << "Please check the fold exit or not!" << endl; Mat hsvImage; //转换为HSV颜色模型 cvtColor(image, hsvImage, COLOR_BGR2HSV); //将色调量化为30个等级 int hueBinNum = 30; //将饱和度量化为32个等级 int saturationBinNum = 32; int histSize[] = { hueBinNum,saturationBinNum }; //色调变化范围为0-179 float hueRanges[] = { 0,180 }; //饱和度变化范围为0-255 float saturationRanges[] = { 0,256 }; const float*ranges[] = { hueRanges,saturationRanges }; MatND dstHist; //计算第0和第1通道的直方图 int channels[] = { 0,1 }; //进行直方图的计算 calcHist(&hsvImage, 1, channels, Mat(), dstHist, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false); double maxValue = 0; //查找数组和子数组的全局最小值和最大值存入maxValue中 minMaxLoc(dstHist, 0, &maxValue, 0, 0); int scale = 10; Mat histImage = Mat::zeros(saturationBinNum*scale, hueBinNum * 10, CV_8UC3); //双重循环进行绘制 for (int hue = 0;hue < hueBinNum;hue++) { for (int saturation = 0;saturation < saturationBinNum;saturation++) { float binValue = dstHist.at<float>(hue, saturation); int intensity = cvRound(binValue * 255 / maxValue); rectangle(histImage, Point(hue*scale, saturation*scale), Point((hue + 1)*scale - 1, (saturation + 1)*scale - 1), Scalar::all(intensity), FILLED); } } imshow("原图", image); imshow("H_S直方图", histImage); while((char)waitKey(0)!='q'){} return 0; }
绘制一维直方图示例:
#include"stdafx.h" #include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp> #include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp> #include <opencv2/core/core.hpp> #include <opencv2/objdetect/objdetect.hpp> #include<opencv2/photo/photo.hpp> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <iostream> using namespace cv; using namespace std; int main() { Mat image = imread("E:\\pictures\\For_Project\\Opencv_Test\\beauty.jpg", 0); if (!image.data)cout << "Please check the fold exit or not!" << endl; imshow("原图", image); MatND dstHist; int dims = 1; float hranges[] = { 0,255 }; const float*ranges[] = { hranges }; int size = 256; int channels = 0; calcHist(&image, 1, &channels, Mat(), dstHist, dims, &size, ranges); int scale = 1; Mat dstImage(size*scale, size, CV_8U, Scalar(0)); double minValue = 0; double maxValue = 0; minMaxLoc(dstHist, &minValue, &maxValue, 0, 0); int hpt = saturate_cast<int>(0.9*size); for (int i = 0;i < 256;i++) { float binValue = dstHist.at<float>(i); int realValue = saturate_cast<int>(binValue*hpt / maxValue); rectangle(dstImage, Point(i*scale, size - 1), Point((i + 1)*scale - 1, size - realValue), Scalar(255)); } imshow("一维直方图", dstImage); while((char)waitKey(0)!='q'){} return 0; }
绘制真彩色RGB图像直方图示例:
#include"stdafx.h" #include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp> #include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp> #include <opencv2/core/core.hpp> #include <opencv2/objdetect/objdetect.hpp> #include<opencv2/photo/photo.hpp> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <iostream> using namespace cv; using namespace std; int main() { Mat image = imread("E:\\pictures\\For_Project\\Opencv_Test\\tree.jpg", 1); if (!image.data)cout << "Please check the fold exit or not!" << endl; imshow("原图", image); //参数准备 int bins = 256; int hist_size[] = { bins }; float range[] = { 0,256 }; const float*ranges[] = { range }; MatND redHist, grayHist, blueHist; //计算红色分量直方图 int channels_r[] = { 0 }; calcHist(&image, 1, channels_r, Mat(), redHist, 1, hist_size, ranges, true, false); //计算绿色分量直方图 int channels_g[] = { 1 }; calcHist(&image, 1, channels_g, Mat(), grayHist, 1, hist_size, ranges, true, false); //计算蓝色分量直方图 int channels_b[] = { 2 }; calcHist(&image, 1, channels_b, Mat(), blueHist, 1, hist_size, ranges, true, false); //参数准备 double maxValue_red, maxValue_green, maxValue_blue; minMaxLoc(redHist, 0, &maxValue_red, 0, 0); minMaxLoc(grayHist, 0, &maxValue_green, 0, 0); minMaxLoc(blueHist, 0, &maxValue_blue, 0, 0); int scale = 1; int histHeight = 256; Mat histImage = Mat::zeros(histHeight, bins * 3, CV_8UC3); //绘制 for (int i = 0;i < bins;i++) { float binValue_red = redHist.at<float>(i); float binValue_green = grayHist.at<float>(i); float binValue_blue = blueHist.at<float>(i); //分别得到要绘制的RGB三分量的高度 int intensity_red = cvRound(binValue_red*histHeight / maxValue_red); int intensity_green = cvRound(binValue_green*histHeight / maxValue_green); int intensity_blue = cvRound(binValue_blue*histHeight / maxValue_blue); //分别绘制三分量的直方图 rectangle(histImage, Point(i*scale, histHeight - 1), Point((i + 1)*scale - 1, histHeight - intensity_red), Scalar(0, 0, 255)); rectangle(histImage, Point((i+bins)*scale, histHeight - 1), Point((i + bins + 1)*scale - 1, histHeight - intensity_green), Scalar(0, 255, 0)); rectangle(histImage, Point((i+2*bins)*scale, histHeight - 1), Point((i + 2*bins + 1)*scale - 1, histHeight - intensity_blue), Scalar(255, 0, 0)); } imshow("RGB直方图", histImage); while((char)waitKey(0)!='q'){} return 0; }