C# XML序列化和反序列化(DataContractSerializer)

概述

     XML序列化和反序列化是C#的常用技术，实现的方式有很多种，序列化即将对象转化为便于传输的数据格式， 常见的方法有：二进制，字节数组，json字符串，xml字符串等。今天主要通过DataContractSerializer类的WriteObject和ReadObject方法实现.上次讲过XmlSerializer序列化和反序列化，请参考：

C# XML序列化和反序列化(XmlSerializer)

代码实现

     前台XMAL: 逻辑很简单，主要通过绑定DisplayInfo显示相关信息

<UserControl x:Class="Caliburn.Micro.Hello.DataContractSerializerView"
             xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
             xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
             xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Caliburn.Micro.Hello"
             mc:Ignorable="d" 
             d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800">
    <Grid>
        <TextBlock  Background="White"  Height="450"  MinWidth="210" 
                    VerticalAlignment="Top" TextWrapping="NoWrap" Name="DisplayInfo"/>
    </Grid>
</UserControl>

后台cs代码：

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Text;


namespace Caliburn.Micro.Hello
{
    public class DataContractSerializerViewModel : Screen, IViewModel
    {
        private StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        public string DisplayInfo { get; set; }


        public DataContractSerializerViewModel()
        {
            DisplayName = "DataContractSerializer";


            InitData();


            stringBuilder.AppendLine("success");
            DisplayInfo = stringBuilder.ToString();
        }


        public void InitData()
        {
            string fileName = "Programmers.dat";
            Stream fs = null;
            fs = FileReset(fs, fileName);


            //序列化
            DataContractSerializer dataContractSerializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(Person));
            dataContractSerializer.WriteObject(fs, new Person("zzz", "yyy", 555,
                new lesson() { English = "eee", Chinese = "ccc" }));


            //反序列化
            fs.Position = 0;
            var p = (Person)dataContractSerializer.ReadObject(fs);
            //Console.WriteLine($"{p.FirstName},{p.LastName},{p.ID},{p.lesson}");
            stringBuilder.AppendLine($"{p.FirstName},{p.LastName},{p.ID},{p.lesson}");


            //自定义属性
            Person newPerson = new Person();
            Type type = typeof(Person);
            InformationAttribute informationAttribute;
            //Querying Class Attributes
            foreach (Attribute attr in type.GetCustomAttributes(true))
            {
                informationAttribute = attr as InformationAttribute;
                if (null != informationAttribute)
                {
                    //Console.WriteLine("Description of AnyClass:\n{0} {1}",
                    //    informationAttribute.Description, informationAttribute.DefaultValue);
                    stringBuilder.AppendLine($"Description of AnyClass:\n{informationAttribute.Description} " +
                        $"{informationAttribute.DefaultValue}");
                }
            }
            //Querying Class-Method Attributes
            foreach (MethodInfo method in type.GetMethods())
            {
                foreach (Attribute attr in method.GetCustomAttributes(true))
                {
                    informationAttribute = attr as InformationAttribute;
                    if (null != informationAttribute)
                    {
                        //Console.WriteLine("Description of {0}:\n{1} ", method.Name, informationAttribute.Description);
                        stringBuilder.AppendLine($"Description of {method.Name}:\n{informationAttribute.Description} ");
                    }
                }
            }


            //Querying Class-Field (only public) Attributes
            foreach (FieldInfo field in type.GetFields())
            {
                foreach (Attribute attr in field.GetCustomAttributes(true))
                {
                    informationAttribute = attr as InformationAttribute;
                    if (null != informationAttribute)
                    {
                        //Console.WriteLine("Description of {0}:\n{1} {2}", field.Name,
                        //    informationAttribute.Description, informationAttribute.DefaultValue);
                        stringBuilder.AppendLine($"Description of { field.Name}:\n{informationAttribute.Description} {informationAttribute.DefaultValue}");


                        //给实例对应字段赋值
                        if (field.FieldType == typeof(string))
                        {
                            newPerson.GetType().GetField(field.Name).SetValue(newPerson, informationAttribute.DefaultValue);
                        }
                        else if (field.FieldType == typeof(Int32))
                        {
                            newPerson.GetType().GetField(field.Name).SetValue(newPerson, Convert.ToInt32(informationAttribute.DefaultValue));
                        }


                    }
                }
            }
        }


        public FileStream FileReset(Stream fStream, string filename)
        {
            if (fStream != null)
            {
                fStream.Close();
            }


            File.Delete(filename);
            return new FileStream(filename, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.None);
        }
    }


    [DataContract(Name = "Person", Namespace = "http://www.person.com")]
    public class Person
    {
        [DataMember()]
        [Information(Description = "名称", DefaultValue = "本山")]
        public string FirstName;
        [DataMember]
        [Information(Description = "性别", DefaultValue = "赵")]
        public string LastName;
        [DataMember()]
        [Information(Description = "序号", DefaultValue = "1")]
        public int ID;
        [DataMember()]
        public lesson lesson;
        public Person(string newfName, string newLName, int newID, lesson lesson)
        {
            FirstName = newfName;
            LastName = newLName;
            ID = newID;
            this.lesson = lesson;
        }
        public Person()
        {


        }
    }


    [DataContract()]
    public class lesson
    {
        [DataMember()]
        public string English { get; set; }
        [DataMember()]
        public string Chinese { get; set; }


        public override string ToString()
        {
            return $"[English] = [{English}], " +
                $"[Chinese] = [{Chinese}], ";
        }
    }


    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.All, AllowMultiple = true)]
    public class InformationAttribute : Attribute
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }
        public string Unit { get; set; }
        public string Range { get; set; }
        public string AvailableValue { get; set; }
        public string DefaultValue { get; set; }
        public double Epsilon { get; set; }
        public byte Precision { get; set; }
        public string Parameter { get; set; }
        public uint FixedSize { get; set; }
        public NodeType NodeType { get; set; }
    }


    //
    // 摘要:
    //     节点类型（仅用于Dictionary）
    public enum NodeType
    {
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     The key of dict
        Key = 0,
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     The Value of dict
        Value = 1
    }
}

要用DataContractSerializer，首先要引用库：

System.Runtime.Serialization.dll

需要序列化的类前需要用[DataContract]标注，需要序列化的字段需要用

[DataMember]标注，这里还定义了一个自定义属性InformationAttribute，它需要继承自Attribute，使用方法如下：

这里通过反射Type type = typeof(Person);获取类型，通过GetCustomAttributes获取所有自定义特性，通过GetFields()获取当前 当前 System.Type 定义的字段，

给实例对应字段赋值

if (field.FieldType == typeof(string))
                        {
                            newPerson.GetType().GetField(field.Name).SetValue(newPerson, informationAttribute.DefaultValue);
                        }
                        else if (field.FieldType == typeof(Int32))
                        {
                            newPerson.GetType().GetField(field.Name).SetValue(newPerson, Convert.ToInt32(informationAttribute.DefaultValue));
                        }