DataFrame删除行和列

本文通过一个csv实例文件来展示如何删除Pandas.DataFrame的行和列
数据文件名为:example.csv
内容为:

datespringsummerautumnwinter
200012.233880916.9073011315.6923831314.08596223
200112.8474805716.7504687314.5140663713.5037456
200213.55817517.203392615.699947513.23365247
200312.654724716.8949153315.661464712.84347867
200413.253729817.0469665715.2090537714.3647912
200513.444304916.745982216.6221879711.61082257
200613.5056956716.8335785715.497928212.19934363
200713.4885262316.6677328315.8170143713.7438216
200813.151531916.4865069315.7295728712.93233587
200913.4577154316.6392378318.2601799712.65315943
201013.194548516.728688915.4263526713.8833583
201114.3477941716.6894210314.1765804312.36654197
201213.605086717.1305677314.7179677713.29255243
201313.0279078717.3861934316.2034549713.18612133
201412.7466816316.5442868714.736768212.87065125
201513.46590416.5061231712.4424366311.0181384
seasonspringsummerautumnwinter
slope0.0379691374-0.01164689167-0.07913844113-0.07765274553

删除行

In [1]:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

odata = pd.read_csv('example.csv')
odata

Out[1]:
date    spring    summer    autumn    winter
0    2000    12.2338809    16.9073011333    15.6923831333    14.0859622333
1    2001    12.8474805667    16.7504687333    14.5140663667    13.5037456
2    2002    13.558175    17.2033926    15.6999475    13.2336524667
3    2003    12.6547247    16.8949153333    15.6614647    12.8434786667
4    2004    13.2537298    17.0469665667    15.2090537667    14.3647912
5    2005    13.4443049    16.7459822    16.6221879667    11.6108225667
6    2006    13.5056956667    16.8335785667    15.4979282    12.1993436333
7    2007    13.4885262333    16.6677328333    15.8170143667    13.7438216
8    2008    13.1515319    16.4865069333    15.7295728667    12.9323358667
9    2009    13.4577154333    16.6392378333    18.2601799667    12.6531594333
10    2010    13.1945485    16.7286889    15.4263526667    13.8833583
11    2011    14.3477941667    16.6894210333    14.1765804333    12.3665419667
12    2012    13.6050867    17.1305677333    14.7179677667    13.2925524333
13    2013    13.0279078667    17.3861934333    16.2034549667    13.1861213333
14    2014    12.7466816333    16.5442868667    14.7367682    12.8706512467
15    2015    13.465904    16.5061231667    12.4424366333    11.0181384
16    season    spring    summer    autumn    winter
17    slope    0.037969137402    -0.0116468916667    -0.0791384411275    -0.0776527455294

想要删除最后两行
.drop()方法如果不设置参数inplace=True,则只能在生成的新数据块中实现删除效果,而不能删除原有数据块的相应行。

In [2]:
data = odata.drop([16,17])
odata

Out[2]:
date    spring    summer    autumn    winter
0    2000    12.2338809    16.9073011333    15.6923831333    14.0859622333
1    2001    12.8474805667    16.7504687333    14.5140663667    13.5037456
2    2002    13.558175    17.2033926    15.6999475    13.2336524667
3    2003    12.6547247    16.8949153333    15.6614647    12.8434786667
4    2004    13.2537298    17.0469665667    15.2090537667    14.3647912
5    2005    13.4443049    16.7459822    16.6221879667    11.6108225667
6    2006    13.5056956667    16.8335785667    15.4979282    12.1993436333
7    2007    13.4885262333    16.6677328333    15.8170143667    13.7438216
8    2008    13.1515319    16.4865069333    15.7295728667    12.9323358667
9    2009    13.4577154333    16.6392378333    18.2601799667    12.6531594333
10    2010    13.1945485    16.7286889    15.4263526667    13.8833583
11    2011    14.3477941667    16.6894210333    14.1765804333    12.3665419667
12    2012    13.6050867    17.1305677333    14.7179677667    13.2925524333
13    2013    13.0279078667    17.3861934333    16.2034549667    13.1861213333
14    2014    12.7466816333    16.5442868667    14.7367682    12.8706512467
15    2015    13.465904    16.5061231667    12.4424366333    11.0181384
16    season    spring    summer    autumn    winter
17    slope    0.037969137402    -0.0116468916667    -0.0791384411275    -0.0776527455294

In [3]:
data

Out[3]:
date    spring    summer    autumn    winter
0    2000    12.2338809    16.9073011333    15.6923831333    14.0859622333
1    2001    12.8474805667    16.7504687333    14.5140663667    13.5037456
2    2002    13.558175    17.2033926    15.6999475    13.2336524667
3    2003    12.6547247    16.8949153333    15.6614647    12.8434786667
4    2004    13.2537298    17.0469665667    15.2090537667    14.3647912
5    2005    13.4443049    16.7459822    16.6221879667    11.6108225667
6    2006    13.5056956667    16.8335785667    15.4979282    12.1993436333
7    2007    13.4885262333    16.6677328333    15.8170143667    13.7438216
8    2008    13.1515319    16.4865069333    15.7295728667    12.9323358667
9    2009    13.4577154333    16.6392378333    18.2601799667    12.6531594333
10    2010    13.1945485    16.7286889    15.4263526667    13.8833583
11    2011    14.3477941667    16.6894210333    14.1765804333    12.3665419667
12    2012    13.6050867    17.1305677333    14.7179677667    13.2925524333
13    2013    13.0279078667    17.3861934333    16.2034549667    13.1861213333
14    2014    12.7466816333    16.5442868667    14.7367682    12.8706512467
15    2015    13.465904    16.5061231667    12.4424366333    11.0181384

如果inplace=True则原有数据块的相应行被删除

In [4]:
odata.drop(odata.index[[16,17]],inplace=True)
odata

Out[4]:
date    spring    summer    autumn    winter
0    2000    12.2338809    16.9073011333    15.6923831333    14.0859622333
1    2001    12.8474805667    16.7504687333    14.5140663667    13.5037456
2    2002    13.558175    17.2033926    15.6999475    13.2336524667
3    2003    12.6547247    16.8949153333    15.6614647    12.8434786667
4    2004    13.2537298    17.0469665667    15.2090537667    14.3647912
5    2005    13.4443049    16.7459822    16.6221879667    11.6108225667
6    2006    13.5056956667    16.8335785667    15.4979282    12.1993436333
7    2007    13.4885262333    16.6677328333    15.8170143667    13.7438216
8    2008    13.1515319    16.4865069333    15.7295728667    12.9323358667
9    2009    13.4577154333    16.6392378333    18.2601799667    12.6531594333
10    2010    13.1945485    16.7286889    15.4263526667    13.8833583
11    2011    14.3477941667    16.6894210333    14.1765804333    12.3665419667
12    2012    13.6050867    17.1305677333    14.7179677667    13.2925524333
13    2013    13.0279078667    17.3861934333    16.2034549667    13.1861213333
14    2014    12.7466816333    16.5442868667    14.7367682    12.8706512467
15    2015    13.465904    16.5061231667    12.4424366333    11.0181384

删除列

del方法

In [5]:
del odata['date']
odata


Out[5]:
spring    summer    autumn    winter
0    12.2338809    16.9073011333    15.6923831333    14.0859622333
1    12.8474805667    16.7504687333    14.5140663667    13.5037456
2    13.558175    17.2033926    15.6999475    13.2336524667
3    12.6547247    16.8949153333    15.6614647    12.8434786667
4    13.2537298    17.0469665667    15.2090537667    14.3647912
5    13.4443049    16.7459822    16.6221879667    11.6108225667
6    13.5056956667    16.8335785667    15.4979282    12.1993436333
7    13.4885262333    16.6677328333    15.8170143667    13.7438216
8    13.1515319    16.4865069333    15.7295728667    12.9323358667
9    13.4577154333    16.6392378333    18.2601799667    12.6531594333
10    13.1945485    16.7286889    15.4263526667    13.8833583
11    14.3477941667    16.6894210333    14.1765804333    12.3665419667
12    13.6050867    17.1305677333    14.7179677667    13.2925524333
13    13.0279078667    17.3861934333    16.2034549667    13.1861213333
14    12.7466816333    16.5442868667    14.7367682    12.8706512467
15    13.465904    16.5061231667    12.4424366333    11.0181384

.pop()方法

.pop方法可以将所选列从原数据块中弹出,原数据块不再保留该列

In [6]:
spring = odata.pop('spring')
spring


Out[6]:
0        12.2338809
1     12.8474805667
2         13.558175
3        12.6547247
4        13.2537298
5        13.4443049
6     13.5056956667
7     13.4885262333
8        13.1515319
9     13.4577154333
10       13.1945485
11    14.3477941667
12       13.6050867
13    13.0279078667
14    12.7466816333
15        13.465904
Name: spring, dtype: object

In [7]:
odata

Out[7]:
summer    autumn    winter
0    16.9073011333    15.6923831333    14.0859622333
1    16.7504687333    14.5140663667    13.5037456
2    17.2033926    15.6999475    13.2336524667
3    16.8949153333    15.6614647    12.8434786667
4    17.0469665667    15.2090537667    14.3647912
5    16.7459822    16.6221879667    11.6108225667
6    16.8335785667    15.4979282    12.1993436333
7    16.6677328333    15.8170143667    13.7438216
8    16.4865069333    15.7295728667    12.9323358667
9    16.6392378333    18.2601799667    12.6531594333
10    16.7286889    15.4263526667    13.8833583
11    16.6894210333    14.1765804333    12.3665419667
12    17.1305677333    14.7179677667    13.2925524333
13    17.3861934333    16.2034549667    13.1861213333
14    16.5442868667    14.7367682    12.8706512467
15    16.5061231667    12.4424366333    11.0181384

.drop()方法

drop方法既可以保留原数据块中的所选列,也可以删除,这取决于参数inplace

In [8]:
withoutSummer = odata.drop(['summer'],axis=1)
withoutSummer

Out[8]:
autumn    winter
0    15.6923831333    14.0859622333
1    14.5140663667    13.5037456
2    15.6999475    13.2336524667
3    15.6614647    12.8434786667
4    15.2090537667    14.3647912
5    16.6221879667    11.6108225667
6    15.4979282    12.1993436333
7    15.8170143667    13.7438216
8    15.7295728667    12.9323358667
9    18.2601799667    12.6531594333
10    15.4263526667    13.8833583
11    14.1765804333    12.3665419667
12    14.7179677667    13.2925524333
13    16.2034549667    13.1861213333
14    14.7367682    12.8706512467
15    12.4424366333    11.0181384

In [9]:
odata

Out[9]:
summer    autumn    winter
0    16.9073011333    15.6923831333    14.0859622333
1    16.7504687333    14.5140663667    13.5037456
2    17.2033926    15.6999475    13.2336524667
3    16.8949153333    15.6614647    12.8434786667
4    17.0469665667    15.2090537667    14.3647912
5    16.7459822    16.6221879667    11.6108225667
6    16.8335785667    15.4979282    12.1993436333
7    16.6677328333    15.8170143667    13.7438216
8    16.4865069333    15.7295728667    12.9323358667
9    16.6392378333    18.2601799667    12.6531594333
10    16.7286889    15.4263526667    13.8833583
11    16.6894210333    14.1765804333    12.3665419667
12    17.1305677333    14.7179677667    13.2925524333
13    17.3861934333    16.2034549667    13.1861213333
14    16.5442868667    14.7367682    12.8706512467
15    16.5061231667    12.4424366333    11.0181384

当inplace=True时.drop()执行内部删除,不返回任何值,原数据发生改变

In [10]:
withoutWinter = odata.drop(['winter'],axis=1,inplace=True)
type(withoutWinter)

Out[10]:
NoneType

In [11]:
odata

Out[11]:
summer    autumne
0    16.9073011333    15.6923831333
1    16.7504687333    14.5140663667
2    17.2033926    15.6999475
3    16.8949153333    15.6614647
4    17.0469665667    15.2090537667
5    16.7459822    16.6221879667
6    16.8335785667    15.4979282
7    16.6677328333    15.8170143667
8    16.4865069333    15.7295728667
9    16.6392378333    18.2601799667
10    16.7286889    15.4263526667
11    16.6894210333    14.1765804333
12    17.1305677333    14.7179677667
13    17.3861934333    16.2034549667
14    16.5442868667    14.7367682
15    16.5061231667    12.4424366333

总结,不论是行删除还是列删除,也不论是原数据删除,还是输出新变量删除,.drop()的方法都能达到目的,为了方便好记,熟练操作,所以应该尽量多使用.drop()方法

    转自:<a>http://www.jianshu.com/p/67e67c7034f6</a>
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