【C语言程序设计】编程确定不同数据类型的取值范围

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/wangzhiyu811/archive/2011/07/12/2104377.html

感谢原作者的辛苦劳作！

练习2-1：

　　编写一个程序以确定分别由signed及unsigned限定的char、short、int及long类型变量的取值范围。采用打印标准头文件中的相应值以及直接计算两种方式实现：

　　采用打印标准头文件中的相应值：　

1  #include  < stdio.h >
2  #include  < limits.h >
3  // determine ranges of types
4  int  main()
5  {
6  printf( " 采用打印标准头文件limits.h中的相应值：\n " );
7  // signed types
8  printf( " signed char min = %d\n " , SCHAR_MIN);
9  printf( " signed char max = %d\n " , SCHAR_MAX);
10  printf( " signed short min = %d\n " , SHRT_MIN);
11  printf( " signed short max = %d\n " , SHRT_MAX);
12  printf( " signed int min = %d\n " , INT_MIN);
13  printf( " signed int max = %d\n " , INT_MAX);
14  printf( " signed long min = %ld\n " , LONG_MIN);
15  printf( " signed long max = %ld\n " , LONG_MAX);
16  // unsigned types
17  printf( " unsigned char max = %u\n " , UCHAR_MAX);
18  printf( " unsigned short max = %u\n " , USHRT_MAX);
19  printf( " unsigned int max = %u\n " , UINT_MAX);
20  printf( " unsigned long max = %lu\n " , ULONG_MAX);
21  system( " pause " );
22  return   0 ;
23  }

　　执行结果：

　　这种实现方式没有什么需要讨论的，只需要知道相应的头文件和变量名称。

直接计算：

　　

1  #include  < stdio.h >
2  // determine ranges of types
3  int  main()
4  {
5  printf( " 采用直接计算的方式：\n " );
6  // signed types
7  printf( " signed char min = %d\n " ,  - ( char )((unsigned  char ) ~ 0 >> 1 ) - 1 );
8  printf( " signed char max = %d\n " , ( char )((unsigned  char ) ~ 0 >> 1 ));
9  printf( " signed short min = %d\n " ,  - ( short )((unsigned  short ) ~ 0 >> 1 ) - 1 );
10  printf( " signed short max = %d\n " , ( short )((unsigned  short ) ~ 0 >> 1 ));
11  printf( " signed int min = %d\n " ,  - ( int )((unsigned  int ) ~ 0 >> 1 ) - 1 );
12  printf( " signed int max = %d\n " , ( int )((unsigned  int ) ~ 0 >> 1 ));
13  printf( " signed long min = %ld\n " ,  - ( long )((unsigned  long ) ~ 0 >> 1 ) - 1 );
14  printf( " signed long max = %ld\n " , ( long )((unsigned  long ) ~ 0 >> 1 ));
15  // unsigned types
16  printf( " unsigned char max = %u\n " , (unsigned  char ) ~ 0 );
17  printf( " unsigned short max = %u\n " , (unsigned  short ) ~ 0 );
18  printf( " unsigned int max = %u\n " , (unsigned  int ) ~ 0 );
19  printf( " unsigned long max = %lu\n " , (unsigned  long ) ~ 0 );
20  system( " pause " );
21  return   0 ;
22  }

　执行结果：

　　

小结：

　　利用按位运算符进行计算。表达式：(char)((unsigned char)~0>>1)

　　先把数字0的各个二进制位全部转换为1：取反，~0

　　然后，将结果值转换为unsigned char类型：(unsigned char)~0

　　再把这个unsigned char类型值右移一位以清除符号位：(unsigned char)~0 >> 1

　　最后，把它转换为char类型：(char)((unsigned char)~0>>1)

　　这一系列操作的最终结果就得到了signed类型字符的最大值。

　　而其signed类型字符的最小值加负号后还需减去1才是最小值。