列表解析式中if-else的使用

两种格式：

result = [ x for x in data if condition]

result = [ x if condition else x2 for x in data]    #如果满足条件则取值x，否则取值x2

栗子：

>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
>>> b = [x for x in a if x > 5]
>>> c = [x if x > 5 else "!" for x in a]
>>> b
[6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> c
['!', '!', '!', '!', '!', 6, 7, 8, 9]