【学习记录】python matplotlib 自学入门（随缘更新）

StarsWhisper

于 2021-01-10 17:37:24 发布

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分类专栏：【Python】基础库机制

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wldcmzy/article/details/112431145

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貌似基础

add_subplot 前两个参数表示把面板划分成怎样的形状（几行几列）第三个参数表示图在面板中的位置

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig =plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,2)

在这里插入图片描述

fig,axes = plt.subplots(nrows= 3,ncols= 3)
axes[1,1].set(title = 'middle')
axes[0,2].set(title = 'NE')

在这里插入图片描述

线+貌似基础

画一条线

fig,ax = plt.subplots()
x = np.linspace(0,np.pi)
y_sinx = np.sin(x)
ax.plot(x,y_cosx,linewidth = 1, markersize = 6,color = 'red',linestyle='-.')
#图上的和这个不一样的写法，一个效果

在这里插入图片描述
加点盐

fig,ax = plt.subplots()
x = np.linspace(0,np.pi)
y_sinx = np.sin(x)
ax.plot(x,y_cosx,linewidth = 1, markersize = 6,color = 'red',linestyle='-.')
ax.set(title = 'ABC',xlabel = 'X QwQ',ylabel = '-Y---',xlim = [0,5],ylim = [-1.2,1.2])

在这里插入图片描述

填充两线之间的空间

再加点盐： fill_between 填充两线之间的空间

fig,ax = plt.subplots()
x = np.linspace(0,np.pi)
y_sinx = np.sin(x)
y_cosx = np.cos(x)
y_tanx = np.tan(x)
ax.plot(x,y_cosx,linewidth = 1, markersize = 6,color = 'red',linestyle='-.')
ax.set(title = 'ABC',xlabel = 'X QwQ',ylabel = '-Y---',xlim = [0,5],ylim = [-1.2,1.2])
ax.fill_between(x,y_cosx,y_sinx,color = 'yellow')

在这里插入图片描述

加入网格线

换一种写法并加入网格线

fig,ax = plt.subplots()
x = np.linspace(0,np.pi)
data = {'x' : x,
       'sin' : np.sin(x),
       'cos' : np.cos(x),
       'tan' : np.tan(x)}

ax.plot('x','cos',linewidth = 1, markersize = 6,color = 'red',linestyle='-.',data = data)
ax.set(title = 'ABC',xlabel = 'X QwQ',ylabel = '-Y---',xlim = [0,5],ylim = [-1.2,1.2])
ax.fill_between('x','cos','tan',color = 'yellow',data = data)
ax.grid()

在这里插入图片描述

散点图

参数c同color表示颜色 s表示大小

x = np.arange(6)
y = x*3%8
plt.scatter(x,y,marker = '3',color = ['blue','green','blue','green','blue','green',], s = 600)

在这里插入图片描述

x = np.arange(10)
y = x*3%13
plt.scatter(x,y,marker = '*',c = np.random.rand(10),s = (np.random.rand(10)*30)**2)

在这里插入图片描述

条形图

调整画布大小

参数figsize调整画布大小

x = np.arange(10)
y = np.random.randint(0,10,10)
fig,axes = plt.subplots(ncols = 2,figsize = (20,6))
axes[0].bar(x,y,color = 'red')
axes[0].set(title = 'E GAY WOLY GIAO~GIAO',xlabel = 'q',ylim = [-2,10])
axes[1].barh(x,y,color = 'lightgreen')
axes[1].set(ylim = [-3,15])

在这里插入图片描述

画直线

加一道线

x = np.arange(10)
y = np.random.randint(0,10,10)
fig,axes = plt.subplots(ncols = 2,figsize = (20,6))
axes[0].bar(x,y,color = 'red')
axes[0].set(title = 'E GAY WOLY GIAO~GIAO',xlabel = 'q',ylim = [-2,10])
axes[1].barh(x,y,color = 'lightgreen')
axes[1].set(ylim = [-3,15])
axes[0].axhline(0,color = 'blue',linewidth = 6)
axes[1].axvline(2,color = 'lightgrey',linewidth = 3)

在这里插入图片描述
有负数的情况

饼图

names = ['AA','BB','CC','DD','EE']
weights = [200,300,500,159,66]
plt.pie(weights,labels = names)
pass

在这里插入图片描述

names = ['AA','BB','CC','DD','EE']
weights = [200,300,500,159,66]
colors = ['lightblue','lightgreen','red','green','grey']
plt.pie(weights,labels = names,
        explode = [0,0,0.1,0.075,0], #每一块离开饼中心的距离
        colors = colors,             #颜色
        shadow = True,               #阴影
        autopct = '%.4f%%',          #显示百分比（格式化输出）
        startangle = -30,             #绘制角度 （旋转）
        counterclock = False,        #指针方向 默认=ture为逆时针  False为顺时针
        radius = 1.3,               #饼图半径
        labeldistance = 1.3,         #label的位置 （与半径的比例）
        pctdistance = 0.3,           #显示百分比的文本的位置（与半径的比例）
        textprops = None,            #文本格式
        
       )
plt.axis('equal') #显示为正圆
plt.legend(loc = 'lower left')      #显示图例
pass

在这里插入图片描述
所有图例位置名称

:18: MatplotlibDeprecationWarning: Unrecognized location ‘lower dleft’. Falling back on ‘best’; valid locations are
best
upper right
upper left
lower left
lower right
right
center left
center right
lower center
upper center
center
This will raise an exception in 3.3.

plt.savefig( ) 保存

条形图+饼图组合 Bar of pie

from matplotlib.patches import ConnectionPatch

fig,[ax0,ax1] = plt.subplots(ncols = 2,figsize = [12,6])

#画饼
names = ['AA','BB','CC','DD','EE']
weights = [200,300,500,159,66]
colors = ['lightblue','lightgreen','red','green','grey']
ax0.pie(weights,
        labels = None,
        explode = [0,0.1,0,0,0], #每一块离开饼中心的距离
        colors = colors,             #颜色
        shadow = True,               #阴影
        autopct = '%.4f%%',          #显示百分比（格式化输出）
        startangle = 100,             #绘制角度 （旋转）
        counterclock = False,        #指针方向 默认=ture为逆时针  False为顺时针
        radius = 1,               #饼图半径
        labeldistance = 0.85,         #label的位置 （与半径的比例）
        pctdistance = 0.65,           #显示百分比的文本的位置（与半径的比例）
        textprops = None,            #文本格式
        
       )
ax0.axis('equal') #显示为正圆
ax0.legend(names,loc = 'upper left')      #显示图例
ax0.set(title = 'Big')



#画柱
rates = [0.33,0.56,0.07,0.04]
posX = 0
floor = 0
width = 0.2


for i in range(len(rates)):
    height = rates[i]
    ax1.bar(posX,height,width,bottom = floor)
    posY = ax1.patches[i].get_height() / 2 + floor
    ax1.text(posX,posY,'%d%%' % (rates[i]*100), ha = 'center')
    floor += ax1.patches[i].get_height()

ax1.set(ylim = [0,1],xlim = [-0.5,2],title = 'Small')
ax1.axis('off')                                  #边框消失
ax1.legend(['B1','B2','B3','B4'],loc = 'center')

#划线
top = 1
startangle = 0    #曾经多此一举加上了起始角度
center, r = ax0.patches[2].center, ax0.patches[2].r
theta1,theta2 = ax0.patches[2].theta1+startangle,ax0.patches[2].theta2+startangle

xb,yb = np.cos(np.pi / 180 * theta2) *r + center[0], np.sin(np.pi / 180 * theta2) *r + center[1]
con = ConnectionPatch(xyA = (-width/2,top), coordsA = ax1.transData, xyB = (xb,yb), coordsB = ax0.transData)
ax1.add_artist(con)

xb,yb = np.cos(np.pi / 180 * theta1) *r + center[0], np.sin(np.pi / 180 * theta1) *r + center[1]
con = ConnectionPatch(xyA = (-width/2,0), coordsA = ax1.transData, xyB = (xb,yb), coordsB = ax0.transData)
ax1.add_artist(con)
con.set_color([1,0.5,0])
con.set_linewidth(5)

pass

在这里插入图片描述

嵌套环形图+条形图组合实例

太急于实现写的乱起八糟，以后可以复习思路
2021年2月9号东八区凌晨画完的，于同日中午放上来

from matplotlib.patches import ConnectionPatch
angle = 120
fig,[ax0,ax1,ax2] = plt.subplots(ncols = 3,figsize = [27,9])
names = ['Index','Finance','Resources','Policy','Thought']
weights = [0.2,0.16,0.12,0.28,0.24]
cc = ['yellow','#ff8040','lightgreen','#00ffff','#b15bff']
cc.extend(['red']*4)

ax1.pie(weights,labels = names,
        explode = [0,0,0,0,0], #每一块离开饼中心的距离
        colors = cc,             #颜色
        shadow = False,               #阴影
        autopct = '%.2f%%',          #显示百分比（格式化输出）
        startangle = angle,             #绘制角度 （旋转）
        counterclock = False,        #指针方向 默认=ture为逆时针  False为顺时针
        radius = 0.75,               #饼图半径
        labeldistance = 0.75,         #label的位置 （与半径的比例）
        pctdistance = 0.6,           #显示百分比的文本的位置（与半径的比例）
        textprops = None,            #文本格式
        wedgeprops = dict(width = 0.2,edgecolor = 'white')
       )
ax1.legend(loc = 'center')
#color = ['red'] *23
color = ['#ffffaa','#ffff6f','#f9f900','#d9b300']
color.extend(['#ffbd9d','#ff8f59','#ff5809','#ff5151','#ea0000','#ff5809'])
color.extend(['#d7ffee','#96fed1','#4efeb3','#02f78e','#28ff28','#00db00','#007500'])
color.extend(['#bbffff','#80ffff','#00e3e3','#00aeae'])
color.extend(['#ca8eef','#d200d2'])
small_n = ['','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','']
small = [6.667,6.667,4.444,2.222,1.333,3.111,2.667,2.222,3.556,3.111,2.043,2.043,2.809,1.787,1.021,1.021,1.277,9.882,6.588,8.235,3.294,6,18]
ax1.pie(small,
        labels = small_n,
        explode = [0]*23, #每一块离开饼中心的距离
        colors = color,             #颜色
        shadow = False,               #阴影
        autopct = '%.2f%%',          #显示百分比（格式化输出）
        startangle = angle,             #绘制角度 （旋转）
        counterclock = False,        #指针方向 默认=ture为逆时针  False为顺时针
        radius = 1,               #饼图半径
        labeldistance = 0.85,         #label的位置 （与半径的比例）
        pctdistance = 1.1,           #显示百分比的文本的位置（与半径的比例）
        textprops = None,            #文本格式
        wedgeprops = dict(width = 0.22,edgecolor = 'white')
       )
ax1.axis('equal') #显示为正圆


#画柱
lll = [1.333,3.111,2.667,2.222,3.556,3.111,2.043,2.043,2.809,1.787,1.021,1.021,1.277]
colorssss = ['#ffbd9d','#ff8f59','#ff5809','#ff5151','#ea0000','#ff5809','#d7ffee'
             ,'#96fed1','#4efeb3','#02f78e','#28ff28','#00db00','#007500']
colorssss.reverse()
lll.reverse()
ttt = ['Proportion of tuition fees in total family income'
       ,'Pass rate of economic aid'
       ,'Average amount of undergraduate assistance'
       ,'Proportion of aid amount to tuition fee'
       ,'Proportion of education funds in the budget'
       ,'Education funds'
       ,'Difficulty of curriculum design'
       ,'Professional discipline depth'
       ,'Rationality of teaching plan'
       ,'Teaching Staff level'
       ,'Scholarships and grants'
       ,'Number of teaching staff'
       ,'Average salary of teaching staff']
tttr = ttt.copy()
tttr.reverse()
rates = (np.array(lll)/sum(lll)).tolist()
posX = -0.1
floor = 0
width = 0.2


for i in range(len(rates)):
    height = rates[i]
    ax2.bar(posX,height,width,bottom = floor,color = colorssss[i])
    posY = ax2.patches[i].get_height() / 2 + floor
    ax2.text(posX-0.07,posY,'%.2f%%    ' % (lll[i])+ tttr[i], ha = 'left')
    floor += ax2.patches[i].get_height()

ax2.set(ylim = [0,1],xlim = [-0.5,2],title = '')
ax2.axis('off')                                  #边框消失

#画柱2
#lll = [1.333,3.111,2.667,2.222,3.556,3.111,2.043,2.043,2.809,1.787,1.021,1.021,1.277]
lll = [6.667,6.667,4.444,2.222,9.882,6.588,8.235,3.294,6,18]
#colorssss = ['#ffbd9d','#ff8f59','#ff5809','#ff5151','#ea0000','#ff5809','#d7ffee'
#             ,'#96fed1','#4efeb3','#02f78e','#28ff28','#00db00','#007500']
colorssss = ['#ffffaa','#ffff6f','#f9f900','#d9b300','#bbffff','#80ffff','#00e3e3','#00aeae','#ca8eef','#d200d2']
colorssss.reverse()
lll.reverse()
#Z1 : Proportion of bachelor\'s degree education
ttt = ['Proportion of bachelor\'s degree education'
       ,'Registration rate of secondary school graduates'
       ,'Graduation rate of College Students'
       ,'Number of postgraduate examination'
       ,'Education policy support'
       ,'Teaching supervision system'
       ,'Regional differences in teaching quality'
       ,'Education supporting industry'
       ,'Environmental driving role'
       ,'People\'s cognitive attitude towards education']

tttr = ttt.copy()
tttr.reverse()
rates = (np.array(lll)/sum(lll)).tolist()
posX =  1.7
floor = 0
width = 0.2


for i in range(len(rates)):
    height = rates[i]
    ax0.bar(posX,height,width,bottom = floor,color = colorssss[i])
    posY = ax0.patches[i].get_height() / 2 + floor
    ax0.text(posX+0.1,posY,ttt[i]+'      %.2f%%' % (lll[i]), ha = 'right')
    floor += ax0.patches[i].get_height()

ax0.set(ylim = [0,1],xlim = [-0.5,2],title = '')
ax0.axis('off')                                  #边框消失
#ax1.legend(tttr,loc = 'center')

ax1.set_title('Weight of Every Factor',fontsize = 30)
plt.savefig('Weight of Every Factor.png')