Linux内核中信号量的驱动举例

凌肖战

已于 2024-02-25 17:14:59 修改

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分类专栏： Linux驱动学习文章标签： linux arm开发 c语言

于 2024-02-24 23:26:36 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wojiaxiaohuang2014/article/details/136277173

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一. 简介

上一篇文章简单介绍了 Linux内核提供的信号量的理论知识，文章地址如下：

Linux内核处理并发与竞争的一种方法：信号量-CSDN博客

本文通过代码来说明信号量如何使用。

这里我们来使用信号量实现了一次只能有一个应用程序访问 LED 灯，信号量可以导致休眠，因此，信号量保护的临界区没有运行时间限制，可以在驱动的 open 函数申请信号量，然后在 release 函数中释放信号量。

注意：信号量不能用在中断中，本实验我们不会在中断中使用信号量。

二. Linux内核的信号量代码举例

1. 创建工程

这里信号量代码在前面 8_spinlock工程代码的基础上进行更改。

（1）首先，创建 8_semaphore工程目录，将 8_spinlock工程拷贝到 8_semaphore工程目录下：

wangtian@wangtian-virtual-machine:~/zhengdian_Linux/Linux_Drivers$ mkdir 8_semaphore
wangtian@wangtian-virtual-machine:~/zhengdian_Linux/Linux_Drivers$ cp ./8_spinlock/* ./8_semaphore/ -rf

2）拷贝 8_spinlock实验目录中 .vscode文件及其下文件。

将8_spinlock工程代码下的 .vscode文件及其下文件拷贝到 8_semaphore工程目录下（.vscode文件下的文件设置了驱动代码会调用到 Linux内核源码的路径）：

wangtian@wangtian-virtual-machine:~/zhengdian_Linux/Linux_Drivers$ cp ./8_spinlock/.vscode/ ./8_semaphore/ -rf

（3）清除8_spinlock工程目录下之前编译生成的目标文件：

wangtian@wangtian-virtual-machine:~/zhengdian_Linux/Linux_Drivers/8_semaphore$ make clean

（4）将 8_spinlock工程目录下的 spinlock.c文件名改为 semaphore.c。更改 Makefile文件中的目标文件名，更改为如下内容：

obj-m := semaphore.o

2. 向Led驱动代码中添加信号量

semaphore.c文件添加信号量代码后，如下所示：

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/of.h>
#include <linux/of_address.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>

#define  LED_OFF     0
#define  LED_ON      1
#define  GPIOLED_NAME  "gpioled"
#define  GPIOLED_CNT   1

//Led设备结构体
struct gpio_led {
    dev_t devid;
    int major;
    int minor;
    struct cdev cdev;
    struct class* class;
    struct device* dev;
    struct device_node * dev_node;
    int gpio_number;
    
    struct  semaphore sem_lock; //信号量
};

struct gpio_led gpioled;

static int gpioled_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    down(&gpioled.sem_lock); //获取信号量
    
    filp->private_data = &gpioled; 

    return 0;
}

static ssize_t gpioled_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
    int ret = 0;
    char rx_buf[2] = {0};

    ret = copy_from_user(rx_buf, buf, count);
    if(ret != 0)
    {
        printk("copy_from_user failed!\n");
    }
    if(rx_buf[0] == LED_ON)
    {    
        //设置低电平，打开Led
        gpio_set_value(gpioled.gpio_number, 0);  
    }
    else if(rx_buf[0] == LED_OFF)
    {   
        //设置高电平，关闭Led
        gpio_set_value(gpioled.gpio_number, 1);
    }
    return 0;
}

static int gpioled_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    struct gpio_led * dev = (struct gpio_led*)(filp->private_data);
    
    up(&dev->sem_lock); //释放信号量
    return 0;
}

const struct file_operations gpioled_fops = {
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    .open = gpioled_open,
	.release = gpioled_close,
    .write = gpioled_write,
};

/*驱动模块入口函数*/
static int __init gpioled_init(void)
{
    int ret = 0;

    /*初始化信号量，设置信号量值为 1*/
    sema_init(&gpioled.sem_lock, 1);

    /*1.注册设备号*/
    gpioled.major = 0;
    if(gpioled.major) //给出主设备号
    {
        gpioled.devid = MKDEV(gpioled.major, 0);
        ret = register_chrdev_region(gpioled.devid, GPIOLED_CNT, GPIOLED_NAME);  
    }
    else //未给设备号时，向Linux申请设备号
    {
        ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&gpioled.devid, 0, GPIOLED_CNT, GPIOLED_NAME);
        gpioled.major = MAJOR(gpioled.devid);
        gpioled.minor = MINOR(gpioled.devid);
    }
    printk("gpioled.major: %d\n", gpioled.major);
    printk("gpioled.minor: %d\n", gpioled.minor);
    if(ret < 0)
    {
        printk("apply dev_number failed!\n");
        goto apply_devid_failed;
    }
    
    /*2.设备初始化 */
    gpioled.cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
    cdev_init(&gpioled.cdev, &gpioled_fops);
    ret = cdev_add(&gpioled.cdev, gpioled.devid, GPIOLED_CNT);
    if(ret < 0)
    {
        printk("cdev_add failed\n");
        goto cdev_add_failed;
    }

    /*3.自动创建设备节点*/
    gpioled.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, GPIOLED_NAME);
    if (IS_ERR(gpioled.class)) {
		ret = PTR_ERR(gpioled.class);
		goto class_create_failed;
	}
    gpioled.dev = device_create(gpioled.class, NULL, gpioled.devid, NULL, GPIOLED_NAME);
    if (IS_ERR(gpioled.dev)) {
		ret = PTR_ERR(gpioled.dev);
		goto dev_create_failed;
	}	 

    /*读取设备节点*/
    gpioled.dev_node = of_find_node_by_path("/gpioled");
    if(NULL == gpioled.dev_node)
    {
        printk("find dev_node failed!\n");
        goto read_devnode_failed;
    }
    /*获取Led所对应的GPIO的编号*/
    gpioled.gpio_number = of_get_named_gpio(gpioled.dev_node, "led-gpio", 0);
    if(gpioled.gpio_number < 0)
    {
        printk("get_named_gpio failed!\n");
        goto read_devnode_failed;
    }
    /*申请GPIO管脚 */
    ret = gpio_request(gpioled.gpio_number, GPIOLED_NAME);
    if(ret != 0)
    {
        printk("gpio_request failed!\n");
        goto read_devnode_failed;
    }
    /*设置GPIO为输出，设置为高电平，关闭Led */
    ret = gpio_direction_output(gpioled.gpio_number, 1);
    if(ret != 0)
    {
        printk("gpio_direction_input failed!\n");
        goto set_gpio_input_failed;
    }

    return 0;

set_gpio_input_failed:
    gpio_free(gpioled.gpio_number);
read_devnode_failed:
    device_destroy(gpioled.class, gpioled.devid);
dev_create_failed:
    class_destroy(gpioled.class);
class_create_failed:
    cdev_del(&gpioled.cdev);
cdev_add_failed:
    unregister_chrdev_region(gpioled.devid, GPIOLED_CNT);
apply_devid_failed:
    return ret;
}

/*驱动模块出口函数*/
static void __exit gpioled_exit(void)
{
    //关闭Led灯
    gpio_set_value(gpioled.gpio_number, 1);

    /*1. 删除设备*/
    cdev_del(&gpioled.cdev);
    /*2. 注销设备号*/
    unregister_chrdev_region(gpioled.devid, GPIOLED_CNT);

    //3. 销毁设备
    device_destroy(gpioled.class, gpioled.devid);
    /*4. 销毁类*/
    class_destroy(gpioled.class);

    /*释放IO */
    gpio_free(gpioled.gpio_number);
}

/*驱动入口与出口*/
module_init(gpioled_init);
module_exit(gpioled_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");  //License
MODULE_AUTHOR("WeiWuXian"); //author

三. 编译驱动

对上面的驱动进行编译，ubuntu终端进入 8_semphore工程目录下：

wangtian@wangtian-virtual-machine:~/zhengdian_Linux/Linux_Drivers/8_semaphore$ make
make -C /home/wangtian/zhengdian_Linux/linux/kernel/linux-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga M=/home/wangtian/zhengdian_Linux/Linux_Drivers/8_semaphore modules
make[1]: 进入目录“/home/wangtian/zhengdian_Linux/linux/kernel/linux-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga”
  CC [M]  /home/wangtian/zhengdian_Linux/Linux_Drivers/8_semaphore/semaphore.o
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST 1 modules
  CC      /home/wangtian/zhengdian_Linux/Linux_Drivers/8_semaphore/semaphore.mod.o
  LD [M]  /home/wangtian/zhengdian_Linux/Linux_Drivers/8_semaphore/semaphore.ko
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/wangtian/zhengdian_Linux/linux/kernel/linux-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga”
wangtian@wangtian-virtual-machine:~/zhengdian_Linux/Linux_Drivers/8_semaphore$

可以看出，驱动模块编译通过了。接下来就是对该驱动进行测试，确认所添加的信号量是否可以实现：一次只能有一个应用程序访问 LED 灯。