主语是review，谓语是indicates，后跟that引导的宾语从句说明indicate的内容，宾语从句的主语是
CEO’s，谓语是earn，宾语是419 times the pay of blue-collar workers，后跟比较结构as compared
to…，the ratio是42 times their pay的同位语。
CEO’s 是 CEO 的复数形式，以缩写字母组成的专有名词的复数形式可以是加’s 或加 s。
考点：比较、句子结构
比较-compare/contrast 的用法，(as) compared to/with（GMAT 没有区分 to 和 with 的区别），省略
了主语和系动词，即 A be compared with/to B，与 in contrast to 都是惯用法，前后比较对象一定
要对等。常见的错误用法有：将 compare 用作主动(when compare…; comparing…)，比较对象
不对等。
句子结构-宾语从句，正式书面语中，宾语从句的引导词 that 不能省略。
(A) compared to的比较对象不对象，前者419 times the pay of blue-collar workers表达的是工资数，
而后者a ratio of是比率。
(B) a ratio that compares的compare不能用主动方式表达，应该是被比较sth be compared to…的省
略形式（省略了主语和系动词，是惯用法）；compare to的比较对象不对象，前者419 times the pay of
blue-collar workers表达的是工资数，而后者42 times是比率。
(C) 正确，as compared to比较结构，419 times the pay与42 times their pay比较，the ratio…是同位
语。
(D) 缺少that引导宾语从句；indicates CEO’s who…句子结构不完整，缺少谓语，who引导定语从句
修饰名词CEO’s。
(E) 缺少that引导宾语从句；indicates CEO’s earning…句子结构不完整，缺少谓语；compare to的
比较对象不对象，前者419 times the pay of blue-collar workers表达的是工资数，而后者42 times是
比率。
133. (31602-!-item-!-188;#058&004586)
In the past several years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, most of them
as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle other stars.
(A) most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle
(B) most of them as large or larger than Jupiter and circling
(C) most of them at least as large as Jupiter, circling
(D) mostly at least as large as Jupiter, which circle
(E) mostly as large or larger than Jupiter, circling
句子结构：…, astronomers have detected… planets, … as large as Jupiter, circling…
主语是astronomers，谓语是have detected，宾语是planets，后跟比较结构插入语，现在分词circling
作后置定语修饰planets。
考点：比较、平行对称
比较，A as… as… or adj.er than B; A at least as adj.er as B。常见的错误用法包括：A as… or adj.er
than B（少 as）; as…as compared to; as… than compared to; as… than 等。
平行对称，注意连词 and 的前后是否有合理且符合原句意思的平行对象。
(A) 缺少第二个as，as…as…是完整结构。
(B) 缺少第二个as，as…as…是完整结构；and circling没有并列对象。
(C) 正确，them指代planets，现在分词circling作后置定语修饰planets，前面most of them…是插入
语，不影响定语修饰。
(D) mostly是副词，修饰错误。
(E) mostly是副词，修饰错误；缺少第二个as，as…as…是完整结构。
134. (31696-!-item-!-188;#058&004702)
Among lower-paid workers, union members are less likely than nonunion members to be enrolled in
lower-end insurance plans imposing stricter limits on medical services and requiring doctors to see
more patients, and spend less time with each.
(A) imposing stricter limits on medical services and requiring doctors to see more patients, and
spend
(B) imposing stricter limits on medical services, requiring doctors to see more patients, and
spending
(C) that impose stricter limits on medical services, require doctors to see more patients, and spend
(D) that impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients,
spending
(E) that impose stricter limits on medical services, requiring doctors to see more patients and
spending
句子结构：…, union members are less likely than… to be enrolled in… plans that…
That引导定语从句修饰名词plans。
考点：平行对称
平行对称，当句中有三个以上结构平行时，要注意逻辑意思是否合理，是否其中两个平行，第三个做
插入语或伴随、目的状语。
(A) and spend没有平行的对象。
(B) and spending和前面逻辑不平行，spending…应该是作see的伴随状语。
(C) and spend和前面逻辑不平行。
(D) 正确，that引导定语从句修饰紧临的名词plans，说明plans的内容，impose and require是定语从
句的并列谓语，现在分词spending作see的伴随状语。
(E) requiring和spending逻辑不平行。
135. (31742-!-item-!-188;#058&004710)
At one time, the majestic American chestnut was so prevalent that it was said a squirrel could jump
from tree to tree without once touching the ground between New York State and Georgia.
(A) so prevalent that it was said a squirrel could
(B) so prevalent that a squirrel was said that it could
(C) so prevalent for a squirrel to be said to be able to
(D) prevalent enough that it was said a squirrel could
(E) prevalent enough for a squirrel to be said to be able to
句子结构：…, the chestnut was so prevalent that it was said a squirrel could jump…
主语是the chestnut，系动词was，表语prevalent，so… that…结构。
考点：习惯用语、逻辑表达
习惯用语-so that，注意 so… that…的固定搭配，常见的错误选项是将 enough 与 that 搭配。
逻辑表达，主动语态能表达比被动语态更准确的含义。
(A) 正确，that后跟从句表示结果；it was said…中的it是形式主语。
(B) a squirrel was said that…被动语态的表达不如主动更明确。
(C) to be said to被动语态的表达不如主动更明确；so… to be的搭配错误。
(D) enough that搭配错误。
(E) enough to do所表达的含义与原句的so that不同；to be said to被动语态的表达不如主动更明确。
136. (32028-!-item-!-188;#058&005735)
It seems likely that a number of astronomical phenomena, such as the formation of planetary
nebulas, may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other at close range.
(A) may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other
(B) may be caused by the interaction between two stars that each orbit the other
(C) are because of the interaction between two stars that orbit each other
(D) are caused by the interaction of two stars where each is orbiting the other
(E) are caused by the interaction of two stars orbiting each other
句子结构：It seems likely that … phenomena, …, are caused by the interaction of…
It作形式主语，that从句的主语是phenomena，谓语是are caused，现在分词orbiting作后置定语修饰
名词stars。
考点：简洁有效
简洁有效
1） 语意重复，may 与 likely 所表达的都有“可能的”含义，不能同时使用。
2）
because of…的表达不及动词形式 cause 更有效。
(A) may与likely语意重复；此处不应该用关系代词where，因为没有明确表示地点。
(B) may与likely语意重复；each…the other搭配错误。
(C) be because of sth不及动词形式be caused by更有效；each…the other搭配错误；where用法错，
原因与A选项相同。
(D) where用法错，原因与A选项相同；each…the other搭配错误。
(E) 正确，be caused by简洁有效地表达原因，现在分词orbiting…作后置定语修饰名词stars。
137. (32170-!-item-!-188;#058&006029)
The Swedish warship Vasa, sunk in 1628 and raised in 1961, was preserved in the cold water of
Stockholm harbor, where low salinity inhibits the growth of marine borers that in most seas devour
every exposed scrap of a sunken ship's wooden hull.
(A) was preserved in the cold water of Stockholm harbor, where low salinity inhibits
(B) being preserved in the cold water of Stockholm harbor, because the low salinity there is able to
inhibit
(C) and preserved in the cold water of Stockholm harbor, the low salinity there inhibits
(D) having been preserved in the cold water of Stockholm harbor, whose low salinity inhibits
(E) had been preserved in the cold water of Stockholm harbor, because of low salinity there
inhibiting
句子结构：The warship Vasa, …, was preserved in … harbor, where…
主语是the warship Vasa，并列的现在分词结构sunk in… and raised in…作定语修饰主语，谓语是was
preserved，后跟介词宾语，where引导定语从句修饰名词harbor。
考点：句子结构、逻辑表达、动词形式
句子结构，当动词在选项中以谓语形式和分词修饰语成分同时出现时，要特别注意分词结构的句子中
是否有主句谓语。
逻辑表达，修饰成分并列时，中间需要有连词连接，否则会使修饰对象不清楚或产生歧义。
动词形式-过去完成时，没有明显的时间标志或逻辑关系提示，尽量保持原句时态。
(A) 正确，was preserved是整个句子的谓语，where引导定语从句修饰名词harbor。
(B) 整个句子缺少谓语；现在分词结构being preserved…修饰对象不清楚；is able to inhibit与表句
inhibit表达的意思有所不同，尽量保持原句时态及用法。
(C) and preserved…与sunk and raised逻辑上不平行；整个句子出现两个主语the Swedish warship
Vasa与the low salinity。
(D) 整个句子缺少谓语；whose通常指代人或事，Stockholm harbor是地点，用关系代词where最恰
当。
(E) 没有时间标志说明需要用过去完成时；because of… inhibiting的表达方式不正确，而且原句也没
有表达因果关系。
138. (32216-!-item-!-188;#058&006031)
According to scientists at the University of Alaska, while the surface temperature of the globe has
risen over the last century by about one degree Fahrenheit, the surface temperature in Alaska,
Siberia, and northwestern Canada has increased in the previous thirty years by about five degrees.
(A) the surface temperature in Alaska, Siberia, and northwestern Canada has increased in the
previous thirty years by about five degrees
(B) the surface temperature in Alaska, Siberia, and northwestern Canada has increased over the
last thirty years by about five degrees
(C) there was an increase in the last thirty years by about five degrees in Alaska, Siberia, and
northwestern Canada
(D) it had increased in Alaska, Siberia, and northwestern Canada by about five degrees over the
previous thirty years
(E) it has increased in Alaska, Siberia, and northwestern Canada over the previous thirty years by
about five degrees
句子结构：According to…, while the surface temperature… has risen…, the surface temperature…
has increased…
While引导状语从句，其主语是temperature，主句主语是temperature in…，谓语是has increased。
考点：动词时态、平行对称、指代一致
动词时态，over + 数字 + years，用过去完成时态。
平行对称，原句如果是主从句或并列句并且表达的意思平行，在形式上也尽量保持对称。
指代一致，单数代词 it 在句中指代出现过的名词，要注意逻辑意思是否合理。
(A) in the previous thirty years应该用一般过去时态，与未划线部分的over the last century也不平行。
(B) 正确，the surface temperature in…与前面的the temperature of the globe对称，has increased
与has risen对称，over the last thirty years与over the last century对称。
(C) there was an increase的表达方式不及动词形式更有效，该句也没有说明increase的发出者，即
temperature。
(D) it指代temperature of the globe逻辑上不合理，原句是将两个不同temperature进行对比，不能用it
指代；过去完成时态错误。
(E) it指代temperature of the globe逻辑上不合理，原因同D选项。
139. (32262-!-item-!-188;#058&006043)
On Earth, among the surest indications of sunspot cycles are believed to be the rate that trees grow,
as seen in the rings visible in the cross sections of their trunks.
(A) On Earth, among the surest indications of sunspot cycles are believed to be the rate that trees
grow
(B) On Earth, among the surest indications of sunspot cycles are, it is believed, the rate of tree
growth
(C) On Earth, the rate at which trees grow is believed to be among the surest indications of sunspot
cycles
(D) Among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles, believed to be the tree growth rate
(E) Among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles is believed to be the rate at which trees
grow
句子结构：Among… is believed to be…
倒装结构，主语是the rate，由which引导定语从句修饰。
考点：句子结构、逻辑表达、主谓一致
句子结构-倒装，介词短语作表语提到句首，整个句子使用倒装结构。
逻辑表达，状语的位置要合理，结合句意看是否符合逻辑。
主谓一致，倒装结构的句子主语不太明显，要找对主语，并注意其单复数。
(A) among倒装，主语应该是the rate，所以应该用单数is。
(B) among倒装，主语应该是the rate，所以应该用单数is；tree应该用复数，使未划线部分的their有
一致的指代对象。
(C) on earth 放置句首修饰整个句子，不符合逻辑；their 的指代存在歧义，离它最近的是 sunspot
cycles，未划线部分的 as seen 应该要紧跟其修饰的名词。
(D) tree应该用复数，使未划线部分的their有一致的指代对象；谓语结构不完整，应该用is believed
被动语态。
(E) 正确，on Earth修饰indications，主语是the rate，谓语动词用单数is。
140. (32308-!-item-!-188;#058&006094)
In human hearing, subtle differences in how the two ears hear a given sound help the listener
determine the qualities of that sound.
(A) in how the two ears hear a given sound help the listener determine
(B) in the two ears hearing a given sound help the listener in determining
(C) in how a sound is heard by the two ears helps the listener determine
(D) between how the two ears hear a given sound helps the listener in determining
(E) between how a sound is heard by the two ears help the listener in determining
句子结构：…, … differences in… help the listener determine…
主语是differences，谓语是help，双宾语分别是listener和determine。
考点：习惯用语、主谓一致
习惯用语，help to do sth/be helpful in doing sth；difference in/between 的区别。
主谓一致，主语有从句或复杂的修饰成分时，要注意辨别其单复数形式。
(A) 正确，difference in sth，help sb do sth。
(B) in the two ears hearing … 去掉how改变原文要表达的含义；help in doing用法错误。
(C) 被动语态的表达没有必要；helps应该是help，因为其主语是复数differences。
(D) between应该是用于表达“二者之间”的含义，用于此处不正确；helps应该是help。
(E) between应该是用于表达“二者之间”的含义，用于此处不正确；被动语态的表达没有必要。
141. (32450-!-item-!-188;#058&006160)
The federal rules aimed at protecting human subjects of medical experiments were established to
ensure that patients must be warned of potential risks and an independent panel would evaluate
the experiment before it was conducted.
(A) must be warned of potential risks and an independent panel would
(B) must be warned of potential risks and that an independent panel
(C) are warned about potential risks and that an independent panel
(D) will be warned about potential risks and an independent panel would
(E) would be warned of potential risks and that an independent panel would
句子结构：… rules … were established to ensure that… and that …
Ensure后跟两个由that引导的并列宾语从句。
考点：动词形式、平行对称
动词形式，如果没有特别明显的时间标志，从句的时态应该与主句保持一致。
平行对称-宾语从句，正式书面语中宾语从句的引导词 that 不能省略，并列的宾语从句在形式上尽量
保持平行对称。
(A) must be和ensure有语意上的重复；and后面缺少宾语从句引导词that；must与后面的would不平
行。
(B) must be和ensure有语意上的重复；ensure后的内容尽量与主句时态一致，过去发生的事情应该
用would。
(C) are warned时态不正确，过去发生的事情应该用would。
(D) will be时态不正确，与后面的would也不平行；and后面缺少宾语从句引导词that。
(E) 正确，emsure that… would and that … would…时态及形式都平行对称。
142. (32496-!-item-!-188;#058&006253)
According to a 1996 study published in the Journal of Human Resources, Americans of Middle
Eastern descent were twice as likely as was the national average to be self-employed.
(A) as was the national average to be self-employed
(B) as the average American to be self-employed
(C) as the national average that they would be self-employed
(D) to be self-employed than was the average American
(E) that they would be self-employed than was the national average
句子结构：According to…, Americans of… were twice as likely as… to be… 比较结构。
考点：比较、习惯用语
比较，A as… as… or adj.er than B; A at least as adj.er as B，常见的错误用法有：A as… or adj.er
than B（少 as）; as…as compared to; as… than compared to; as… than 搭配。
习惯用语-likely，be likely to do 或 it +be likely that 从句。
(A) the national average表达不清楚；was可以省略。
(B) 正确，the average American与Americans of …对称，be likely to do。
(C) the national average表达不清楚；be likely that…的正确表达方式是用it作形式主语it+be likely
that…，而不是sth be likely that…；they指代对象不清楚。
(D) as… than搭配错误。
(E) as… than搭配错误；be likely that…的正确表达方式是用it作形式主语it+be likely that…，而不是
sth be likely that…；was可以省略。
143. (32542-!-item-!-188;#058&006254)
Despite there being no fundamental difference in shipbuilding traditions in Viking-Age Scandinavia
from the ones in other parts of Northern Europe, archaeological evidence shows that Viking ships
were lighter, slimmer, faster, and thus probably more seaworthy than the heavier vessels used by
the English at that time.
(A) Despite there being no fundamental difference in shipbuilding traditions in Viking-Age
Scandinavia from the ones
(B) Despite no fundamental difference between the shipbuilding traditions in Viking-Age
Scandinavia from those
(C) With shipbuilding traditions in Viking-Age Scandinavia not fundamentally different from those
(D) With the shipbuilding traditions in Viking-Age Scandinavia having no fundamental difference
from the ones
(E) Although shipbuilding traditions in Viking-Age Scandinavia were not fundamentally different
from those
句子结构：Although shipbuilding traditions in… were not … different from those in…, archaeological
evidence shows that…
Although引导让步状语从句。
考点：逻辑表达、习惯用语
逻辑表达，介词+分词的表达方式不及连词引导从句的表达更清晰有效。
习惯用语-difference，difference in / different from
(A) despite there being表达方式错误，应该用连词，despite是介词；tradition是抽象名词，用ones
不恰当。
(B) difference in… from …介词搭配错误。
(C) with结构不如用连词接从句的表达方式更有效。
(D) with … doing不如用连词接从句的表达方式更有效；tradition是抽象名词，用ones不恰当。
(E) 正确，although引导让步状语从句，those指代traditions。
补充说明：one/ones（语法说明）
One/ones 用以避免重复可数名词，在正式谈话或书面语中，不应使用。不能用以取代不可数名词，
与抽象可数名词连用也很少见。例如：
The Scottish legal system is not the same as the English system. （而不用 as the English one）
144. (32588-!-item-!-188;#058&006258)
To protect English manufacturers of woolen goods both against American and Irish competition,
England passed the Woolens Act of 1698, which prohibited the export of woolen cloth beyond a
colony's borders.
(A) To protect English manufacturers of woolen goods both against American and Irish competition,
England passed the Woolens Act of 1698
(B) In order to protect English manufacturers of woolen goods against both American and Irish
competition, England passed the Woolens Act of 1698
(C) In order to protect English manufacturers of woolen goods against American, as well as against
Irish, competition, the Woolens Act of 1698 was passed by England
(D) For protecting English manufacturers of woolen goods against American, as well as Irish,
competition, England passed the Woolens Act of 1698
(E) For the protection of English manufacturers of woolen goods against both American and Irish
competition, the Woolens Act of 1698, passed by England
句子结构：In order to protect… against both… and… , England passed …Act of 1698, which…
主语是England，谓语是passed，宾语是the Woolens Act of 1698，后跟which引导的定语从句修饰
句子宾语。
考点：平行对称、简洁有效、逻辑表达
平行对称-both…and…，连接对象要对称，尤其注意介词的并列。
简洁有效-目的表达，表示目的通常用 to do/in order to do，而不是用 for doing/for+名词。
逻辑表达，注意未划线部分句子的代词、谓语动词、单复数问题，使得前后一致。
(A) both… and…连接对象不对称。
(B) 正确，in order to do等于to do。
(C) England一词的位置使得未划线部分句子的which指代对象错误。
(D) 表目的用to do/in order to do，而不用for doing。
(E) 表目的用to do/in order to do，而不用for +名词；句子谓语结构不完整，应该是was passed被动
语态，否则passed by…只能视为过去分词作后置定语，使整个句子缺少谓语；England一词的位置
使得未划线部分句子的which指代对象错误。
145. (32634-!-item-!-188;#058&006269) [与121题同]
When the temperature of a gas is increased, it is either accompanied by an increase in pressure if
the gas is enclosed in a container, or an increase in volume if the gas is able to expand.
(A) When the temperature of a gas is increased, it is either accompanied by an increase in pressure
if the gas is enclosed in a container, or
(B) When the temperature of a gas is increased, it is accompanied either by an increase in pressure
if it is enclosed in a container or
(C) When the temperature of a gas is increased, the increase is either accompanied by an increase
in pressure if the gas is enclosed in a container or by
(D) Any increase in the temperature of a gas is accompanied by either an increase in pressure if it
is enclosed in a container, or by
(E) Any increase in the temperature of a gas is accompanied either by an increase in pressure if the
gas is enclosed in a container or by
146. (32680-!-item-!-188;#058&006281)
Often billed as "The Genius," American pianist, singer, composer, and bandleader Ray Charles is
credited with soul music's early development, a genre based on melding gospel, rhythm and blues,
and jazz.
(A) Charles is credited with soul music's early development, a genre based on melding
(B) Charles is credited with the early development of soul music, being a genre based on melding
(C) Charles is credited with the early development of soul music, a genre based on a melding of
(D) Charles, credited with soul music's early development, a genre that was based on a melding of
(E) Charles, who is credited with the early development of soul music, a genre based on melding
句子结构：Often billed as…, … Ray Charles is credited with… soul music, a genre…
主语是Ray Charles，谓语是is credit，a genre…是soul music的同位语。
考点：句子结构、逻辑表达
句子结构，当动词在选项中以谓语形式和分词修饰语成分同时出现时，要特别注意分词结构的句子中
是否有主句谓语。
逻辑表达，同位语修饰紧临的名词，注意未划线部分句子与划部部分的逻辑关系。
(A) a genre…作紧临的名词development的同位语错误；现在分词melding gospel rhythm and blues
与and后面的名词jazz不平行。
(B) being多余；现在分词melding gospel rhythm and blues与and后面的名词jazz不平行。
(C) 正确，a genre…作soul music的同位语，动名词a melding of与and后面的名词jazz平行。
(D) 整个句子缺少谓语；a genre…作紧临的名词development的同位语错误。
(E) 整个句子缺少谓语；现在分词melding gospel rhythm and blues与and后面的名词jazz不平行。
补充说明：bill as
Bill: verb. If you bill a person or event as a particular thing, you advertise them in a way that makes
people think they had particular qualities or abilities. 宣传。
147. (32726-!-item-!-188;#058&006292)
By pressing a tiny amount of nitrogen between two diamonds to a pressure of 25 million pounds per
square inch, scientists not only were able to transform the gas into a solid, but they also created a
semiconductor similar to silicon.
(A) not only were able to transform the gas into a solid, but they also created
(B) not only were able to transform the gas into a solid but also creating
(C) were able not only to transform the gas into a solid but to create
(D) were able not only to transform the gas into a solid but also creating
(E) were not only able to transform the gas into a solid, but they were also able to create
句子结构：By pressing… scientists were able not only to … but to… 平行结构。
考点：平行对称
平行对称-not only… but also…，注意连接对象的形式对称（also 可以省略）。
(A) not only…but also连接对象不对称，but also之间的they多余。
(B) not only…but also连接对象不对称，were able to transform与现在分词creating。
(C) 正确，not only to transform… but to create…
(D) not only…but also连接对象不对称，to transform与现在分词creating不对称。
(E) not only…but also连接对象不对称，but also之间的they were多余。
148. (32773-!-item-!-188;#058&006296)
In contrast to some fish eggs requiring months to incubate, the Rio Grande silvery minnow
produces eggs that hatch in about 24 hours, yielding larvae that can swim in just three to four days.
(A) some fish eggs requiring months to incubate
(B) some fish, whose eggs require months to incubate
(C) some fish that have eggs requiring months to incubate
(D) the requirement of months of incubation for some fish eggs
(E) requiring months of incubation, as some fish eggs do
句子结构：In contrast to some fish, …, the Rio Grande silvery minnow… 比较结构。
Whose引导定语从句作插入语修饰名词fish，主语是the Rio Grande silvery minnow。
考点：比较
比较-in contrast to，in contrast to 是比较惯用法，前后比较对象一定要对等。
(A) fish eggs与the Rio Grande silvery minnow比较对象不对等。
(B) 正确，some fish与the Rio Grande silvery minnow对比。
(C) that have eggs的表达不准确。
(D) the requirement与the Rio Grande silvery minnow比较对象不对等。
(E) requiring与the Rio Grande silvery minnow比较对象不对等；as some fish eggs do改变了原句意
思，而且do的指代对象也不清楚。
149. (32963-!-item-!-188;#058&006488)
Until Berta and Ernst Scharrer established the concept of neurosecretion in 1928, scientists
believed that either cells secreted hormones, which made them endocrine cells and thus part of the
endocrine system, or conducted electrical impulses, in which case they were nerve cells and thus
part of the nervous system.
(A) either cells secreted hormones, which made them
(B) either cells secreted hormones, making them
(C) either cells secreted hormones and were
(D) cells either secreted hormones, in which case they were
(E) cells either secreted hormones, which made them
句子结构：Until…, scientists believed that cells either…, or… 平行结构。
考点：平行对称、逻辑表达
平行对称-either… or…，连接对象要形式对称。
逻辑表达，which 只能指代名词，不能指代句子；现在分词结构在句尾，要特别注意其修饰对象是否
清楚合理。
(A) either… or …连接对象不平行，名词cells与动词conducted；which只能指代紧临的名词hormones，
不符合逻辑意思。
(B) either… or …连接对象不平行，名词cells与动词conducted；分词结构making存在修饰坡义，可
作定语修饰hormones，也可作状语修饰believed。
(C) either… or …连接对象不平行，名词cells与动词conducted；and were…的表达方式错误，与后
面的and thus…无法合理连接。
(D) 正确，they指代cells。
(E) which只能指代紧临的名词hormones，不符合逻辑意思。
补充说明：in which case，固定搭配，“在这种情况下”
in which case: you say in that case or in which case to indicate that what you are going to say is true
if the possible situation that has just been mentioned actually exists.
Members are concerned that a merger might mean higher costs, in which case they would opposite
it.
150. (33009-!-item-!-188;#058&006530)
The computer company has announced that it will purchase the color-printing division of a rival
company for $950 million, which is part of a deal that will make it the largest manufacturer in the
office color-printing market.
(A) million, which is part of a deal that will make
(B) million, a part of a deal that makes
(C) million, part of a deal making
(D) million as a part of a deal to make
(E) million as part of a deal that will make
句子结构：The computer company has announced that it will purchase … as part of a deal that…
Announce后跟宾语从句，that引导定语从句修饰名词deal。
考点：逻辑表达
逻辑表达，同位语的作用与系动词 be 的作用一样，不同类的东西不能作同位语。不能用中文中的意
思理解去做语法题；分词、不定式、从句用做修饰语时，各自表达的逻辑含义不同，要注意区分。
(A) which指代million错误。
(B) part of 表示是同位语，但 deal 与 million 不是同类，million 是个数字 number，它的同位语可以是
a number…。deal 是 business agreement，用它作同位语的可以是 agreement, contract 等；makes
一般现在时态错误，应该用将来时，表示将来的预期。
(C) part of 表示同位语，但 deal 与 million 不是同类，理由与选项 B 相同；分词的形式不能表达出从
句才具有的时态概念。
(D) to make 的修饰对象有歧义，原句是修饰 deal 的，但不定式的逻辑主语又可以是句子主语。
(E) 介词 as 引导的短语在句中充当状语，如同 The news comes as a shock. You need to be able to
work as part of a team.中的 as 一样。这里 as part of…不是同位语，不需要去指代前面哪一个词或者
动作。
151. (33055-!-item-!-188;#058&006544)
Like the thorny ballooning of a frightened pufferfish or the sudden appearance of angry sapphire
hoops for which the blue-ringed octopus is named, so the California newt's display of its red
underbelly is a clear warning that predators ignore at their peril.
(A) so the California newt's display of its red underbelly is a clear warning that predators ignore at
their peril
(B) so it is at their peril that predators ignore the California newt's display of its red underbelly, a
clear warning
(C) the California newt's displaying its red underbelly is a clear warning for predators, so they ignore
it at their peril
(D) the California newt's display of its red underbelly is a clear warning that predators ignore at their
peril
(E) it is at their peril that predators ignore the California newt's display of its red underbelly, a clear
warning
句子结构：Like the thorny ballooning of… or the sudden appearance of… , the California newt's
display of… is a clear warning that... 比较结构。
考点：比较
比较-like，like 比较结构的主句主语必须是与 like 后跟的名词同类，作比较对象。
(A) Like…, so… 搭配错误。
(B) Like…, so… 搭配错误；a clear warning修饰对象不清楚，紧临的名词是underbelly，但其修饰对
象应该是warning。
(C) ‘s displaying…与the thorny ballooning of… or the sudden appearance of…不对称；so表达的因
果意思与原句不符。
(D) 正确，like比较结构，the thorny ballooning of… or the sudden appearance of…与’s display of…
对比，that引导定语从句修饰warning。
(E) it is…结构使得like比较结构比较对象不对等；a clear warning修饰对象不清楚
补充说明：名词peril
a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune; at one’s peril冒险，处于险境。
152. (33101-!-item-!-188;#058&006547)
Recent research indicates that two popular arthritis drugs are possibly not as safe as they initially
believed.
(A) that two popular arthritis drugs are possibly not as safe as they initially believed
(B) that two popular arthritis drugs may not be as safe as they were initially believed to be
(C) two popular arthritis drugs to possibly not be as safe as it was initially believed
(D) the safety of two popular arthritis drugs may not be as great as it was initially believed
(E) the safety of two popular arthritis drugs not to be as great as they were initially believed to be
句子结构：Recent research indicates that … drugs may not be as safe as…
Indicate后跟宾语从句。
考点：句子结构、指代一致
句子结构-宾语从句，正式书面语中宾语从句中引导词 that 不能省略，常见的错误选项是谓语动词后
跟 sth to do 形式。
指代一致，名词单复数与代词一致，并且要注意 it+be…是否能作形式主语表达原句意思。
(A) they没有指代对象，因为用的是主动语态they believed…，如果they指代drugs，则必须用被动语
态。
(B) 正确，that 引导宾语从句说明 indicate 的内容，as 在这里的作用更类似连词，连接一个主句和一
个从句。
(C) indicate后面应该跟that引导的宾语从句，indicate sth to do的表达方式错误；单数代词it没有指代
对象。
(D) 缺少引导词that；the safety of…的表达方式罗嗦；单数代词it没有指代对象。
(E) 缺少引导词that，indicate sth to do的表达方式错误；the safety of…的表达方式罗嗦。
153. (33147-!-item-!-188;#058&006555)
A recent United States Census Bureau report shows that there are more than three times as many
households where the children and grandchildren are living in their grandparents' home as
compared to households where the grandparents are living in their children's or grandchildren's
home.
(A) as compared to households where the
(B) as there are households where the
(C) as those whose
(D) than compared to those where the
(E) than there are whose
句子结构：A recent… report shows that there are more than three times as many… as there are …
比较结构。
考点：比较、平行对称
比较，比较的习惯用法 A as… as… or adj.er than B，常见的错误用法有 A as… or adj.er than B（少
as）; as…as compared to; as… than compared to; as… than 等。
平行对称，比较结构中的对比对象尽量要形式对称。
(A) as compared to搭配错误且as…as与compared to结构重复。
(B) 正确，as… as…连接不同的household对比，where引导定语从句修饰households与前面保持对
称。
(C) whose grandparents和前面的where…不对称，household作家庭讲用where指代，而不是whose。。
(D) as… than搭配错误，且as…as与compared to结构重复。
(E) as… than搭配错误；whose grandparents和前面的where…不对称。
154. (33193-!-item-!-188;#058&006626)
Some patients who do not respond to therapies for depression may simply have received
inadequate treatment, having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be
effective or having been taken off a drug too soon.
(A) having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be effective or having been
(B) having, for example, a drug prescription that was ineffective because the dosage was too low,
or being
(C) as, for example, having too low of a dosage of a prescribed drug for it to be effective, or being
(D) when they have, for example, been prescribed too low a drug dosage to be effective, or were
(E) for example, when they have a drug prescription with a dosage too low to be effective, or been
句子结构：Some patients who… may have received inadequate treatment, having been… or having
been…
主语是patients，由who引导的定语从句修饰，宾语是treatment，后由for example引出两个treatment
例子。
考点：平行对称、句子结构
平行对称，句中相同功能的结构并列时尽量做到语态、时态形式上都对称。
句子结构-省略，并列结构中只有功能相同的词才可以省略，要特别注意相同的词在并列时起不同的
作用，比如 have 作助动词和实义动词时，就不可以省略。
(A) 正确，having been prescribed… or having been taken off…形式及时态都平行。
(B) having a drug prescription与being taken off不对称，应该都用被动语态。
(C) as连词后面应该跟完整的句子；having… 与being…不对称。
(D) 时态上不对称，现在完成时与过去时并列have been prescribed... or were taken off...；没有表达
原文的意思，因为when...引导的是时间状语从句，是指前面主句所述内容在when...这种情况下发生，
但原文的意思（尤其是用了for example）是列举了两种inadequate treatment的情况（用了动名词形
式），而不是在什么情况下会receive inadequate treatment。
(E) 时态上不对称，与D选项相同；have在本句是实意动词，不能充当or后面需要的助动词have。
155. (33239-!-item-!-188;#058&006636)
A different variety of giant tortoise can be found on every island in the Galapagos, each with its own
style of oversized dome and comically scrawny neck.
(A) each with its own style of oversized dome and comically scrawny neck
(B) each with their own styles of oversized domes and comically scrawny necks
(C) each having their own style of oversized dome and comically scrawny neck
(D) all having their own styles of oversized domes and comically scrawny necks
(E) all with their own style of oversized dome and comically scrawny neck
句子结构：A different… tortoise can be found…, each with … and…
Each…是独立主格结构。
考点：句子结构
句子结构-强调型独立主格：each+名词+名词/形容词/分词/介词，而不是 all。
(A) 正确，强调型独立主格：each+介词+名词。
(B) each后面应该跟单数名词，their错误。
(C) each后面应该跟单数名词，their错误；their与style单复数不一致。
(D) 独立主格结构应该用each+单数名词，而不是all+复数名词。
(E) 独立主格结构应该用each+单数名词，而不是all+复数名词。
156. (33285-!-item-!-188;#058&006648)
Like English and Italian, each of which have elaborate rules for forming words and sentences, so
sign languages have rules for individual signs and signed sentences.
(A) Like English and Italian, each of which have elaborate rules for forming
(B) Similar to the elaborate rules that English and Italian have to form
(C) Just as English and Italian have elaborate rules for forming
(D) As with English and Italian, both having elaborate rules to form
(E) In the same way that there are elaborate rules used to form English and Italian
句子结构：Just as…, so… 比较结构。
考点：比较、主谓一致
比较，just as A do, so B do 的固定搭配，常见的错误用法包括：拆分固定搭配，以 like/same way/as
with/similar to 等结构混淆。
主谓一致，each/every+名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
(A) like…, so…搭配错误；each of…后面应该跟单数形式的has。
(B) similar to…, so…搭配错误；elaborate rules与sign languages比较对象不对等。
(C) 正确，Just as English and Italian…, so sign languages…，English and Italian与sign languages
的对比。
(D) as with…, so…搭配错误。
(E) in the same way that…, so…搭配错误；there be句型使得前后比较对象不对等。
157. (33331-!-item-!-188;#058&006672) [OG原题：OG10-246，OG11-136]
Joachim Raff and Giacomo Meyerbeer are examples of the kind of composer who receives popular
acclaim while living, often goes into decline after death, and never regains popularity again.
(A) often goes into decline after death, and never regains popularity again
(B) whose reputation declines after death and never regains its status again
(C) but whose reputation declines after death and never regains its former status
(D) who declines in reputation after death and who never regained popularity again
(E) then has declined in reputation after death and never regained popularity
句子结构：Joachim Raff and Giacomo Meyerbeer are … who…, but whose reputation declines…
and never regains…
Who与whose引导并列的定语从句修饰名词composer，前一从句谓语是receives，后一从句的并列谓
语是declines and regains。
OG10 解释：
Choice C, the best answer, maintains parallel structure, keeps verb tense consistent, and contains
no redundancies.
Choice A illogically suggests that it is the composer who goes into decline after death, rather than
the composer's reputation. Choice A may also be faulted for the redundancy of never regains ...
again.
Choice B is not correct. Grammatically, a coordinating conjunction (e.g., "but") is needed to join the
clause whose reputation declines ... with the preceding clause, who receives popular acclaim....
Furthermore, the phrase never regains... again suffers from redundancy.
Choices D and E suffer from inconsistency in verb tense. To maintain parallelism the verbs must be
receives... declines... regains.
OG11解释：
Verb tense + Parallelism
Faulty parallelism in the relative clause who receives ... goes ... regains ... makes it unclear who or
what is being described. The original clause begins by describing a certain kind of composer. As
written, with who as the subject of goes and regains, the last two descriptions illogically continue
to refer to the kind of composer. Logically it must be the reputation that declines after the
composer's death.
A Illogically suggests the composer goes into decline after death; redundant again
B The two clauses are not parallel, lack a coordinating conjunction, and do not describe the
same thing; redundant again
C Correct. This sentence presents the proper logic while maintaining paral el structure and
consistent verb tense.
D The verb tenses are inconsistent with present tense used in the first phrase; redundant
again
E The verb tenses are inconsistent with present tense used in the first phrase; to maintain
parallelism, the verbs must be receives ... declines ... regains
The correct answer is C.
158. (33377-!-item-!-188;#058&006720)
The largest trade-book publisher in the United States has announced the creation of a new digital
imprint division, under which it will publish about 20 purely digital works to be sold online as either
electronic books or downloadable copies that can be printed upon purchase.
(A) works to be sold online as either electronic books or
(B) works to sell them online, either as electronic books or
(C) works and it will sell them online as either electronic books or as
(D) works, and selling them online as either electronic books or as
(E) works, and it will sell them online either as electronic books or
句子结构：The… publisher… has announced … division, under which it will…
Which引导定语从句修饰division。
考点：句子结构、平行对称
句子结构，当句中有连词 and 连接并列结构时要注意其语法上的并列对象与逻辑意思是否相符，常见
的错误选项是逻辑上从句并列的内容在语法上与主句并列。
平行对称-either… or…，连接对象对称，注意介词的省略或补出。
(A) 正确，to be sold不定式作定语表达“被用来网上出售的”的意思，等于which will be sold。
(B) to sell them表达方式不正确；either… or…连接对象不对称。
(C) 不加逗号的and it will sell中的it多余；either… or…连接对象不对称。
(D) and selling没有平行对象；either … or…连接对象不对称。
(E) “, and it will”这里的逗号与and要连接两个完整的句子并列，即与主句publisher has announced…
并列，无法与定语从句中的will publish并列，除非去掉逗号。a pair of comma是隔开插入语（修饰成
分），不影响整体句子结构，所以”,under which…works,”就成了修饰division的成分，and it will sell…
和主句并列改变了原文要表达的意思。
159. (33521-!-item-!-188;#058&006923)
As the former chair of the planning board for 18 consecutive years and a board member for 28
years, Joan Philkill attended more than 400 meetings and reviewed more than 700 rezoning
applications.
(A) As the former
(B) The former
(C) Former
(D) She was
(E) As the
句子结构：As…, Joan Philkill attended… and reviewed…
考点：逻辑表达、句子结构
逻辑表达，注意前后文所表达的意思，在词的含义上是否会有不符合逻辑之处。
句子结构，并列的句子必须有连词连接。
(A) as the former chair… for 18 consecutive years不符合逻辑，而且主语谓语是attended…，如果是
former chair，attended…也是不符合逻辑的。
(B) former用错，原因与A选项相同。
(C) 缺少冠词a或the。
(D) 两个句子连接不当，缺少连词；chair前面缺少冠词。
(E) 正确。
160. (33567-!-item-!-188;#058&006988)
She was an educator, a builder of institutions and organizations, and a major figure in the Black
church and secular feminist movements as well, so one of the best-known and most well-respected
African Americans of the early twentieth century was Nannie Helen Burroughs.
(A) She was an educator, a builder of institutions and organizations, and a major figure in the Black
church and secular feminist movements as well, so one of the best-known and most well-respected
African Americans of the early twentieth century was Nannie Helen Burroughs.
(B) She was an educator, a builder of institutions and organizations, and a major figure in the
Black church and secular feminist movements, and Nannie Helen Burroughs also was one of the
best-known and well-respected African Americans of the early twentieth century.
(C) As an educator, a builder of institutions and organizations, and a major figure in the Black
church and secular feminist movements, Nannie Helen Burroughs was one of the best-known and
most well-respected African Americans of the early twentieth century.
(D) As an educator, a builder of institutions and organizations, and a major figure in the Black
church and secular feminist movements, one of the best-known and well-respected African
Americans of the early twentieth century was Nannie Helen Burroughs.
(E) Being an educator, a builder of institutions and organizations, and a major figure in the Black
church and secular feminist movements, one of the best-known and most well-respected African
Americans of the early twentieth century was Nannie Helen Burroughs.
句子结构：As…, …, and …, Nannie Helen Burroughs was…
考点：逻辑表达
逻辑表达，as+名词表示“作为”比 being+名词的表达方式更有效，其在句首时，句子主语应该是 as…
的逻辑主语；注意句子中所用的连词，是否合理地表达了原句要表达的意思。
(A) so…表达因果关系不符合逻辑；one of … was …的表达方式使得前面的 she 指代不清楚。
(B) and… also was表达递近关系不符合逻辑。
(C) 正确。
(D) as+名词表达“作为”的意思时，后面主句主语应该是人。
(E) being+名词的表达方式不及as更简洁有效，而且后面的主句主语应该是人。
161. (33613-!-item-!-188;#058&007011)
Unlike the other major planets, Pluto has a highly eccentric orbit, which is thus closer to the Sun
than Neptune is for 20 years out of every 230-year cycle, even though it is commonly described as
the remotest planet in the solar system.
(A) Pluto has a highly eccentric orbit, which is thus closer to the Sun than Neptune is
(B) Pluto has a highly eccentric orbit and is thus closer to the Sun than Neptune is
(C) Pluto's orbit is highly eccentric and is thus closer to the Sun than Neptune
(D) the orbit of Pluto is highly eccentric and thus closer to the Sun than Neptune
(E) the orbit of Pluto is highly eccentric, thus closer to the Sun than Neptune is
句子结构：Unlike … planets, Pluto has … and is … than Neptune is … , even though… 比较结构。
考点：比较、逻辑表达
比较-unlike，与 like 用法相同，比较对象要对等。
逻辑表达，当句子中有并列谓语，并且第二个谓语不在划线部分时，要特别注意选项中的主语是否能
合理地作第二个谓语的主语，并且要注意未划线句子部分是否有代词，使其有合理清楚的指代对
象。
(A) which修饰紧临的名词orbit，不符合逻辑。
(B) 正确，has… and is… 并列谓语，unlike连接比较对象planets和Pluto。
(C) planets与orbit对比，unlike比较对象不对等；orbit作主语，使句子表达了orbit is closer to…的意
思，不符合逻辑，况且未划线部分的代词it应该是指代pluto而不是orbit；than后面省略is，使比较产
生歧义。
(D) planets与orbit对比，unlike比较对象不对等；orbit作主语，使句子表达了orbit is closer to…的意
思，不符合逻辑；than后面省略is，使比较产生歧义。
(E) planets与orbit对比，unlike比较对象不对等；orbit作主语，使句子表达了orbit is closer to…的意
思，不符合逻辑。
162. (33659-!-item-!-188;#058&007012)
The government predicts that, for consumers and businesses that make a large number of
long-distance calls, the Federal Communications Commission's recent telephone rate cuts will
greatly reduce costs, though some consumer groups disagree with the government's estimates,
suggesting they are too optimistic.
(A) The government predicts that, for consumers and businesses that make a large number of
long-distance calls, the Federal Communications Commission's recent telephone rate cuts will
greatly reduce costs
(B) The government predicts that costs will be greatly reduced for consumers and businesses that
make a large number of long-distance calls by the Federal Communications Commission's recent
telephone rate cuts
(C) The government's prediction is, for consumers and businesses making a large number of
long-distance calls, costs will be greatly reduced by the recent telephone rate cuts made by the
Federal Communications Commission
(D) For consumers and businesses that make a large number of long-distance calls, the
government's prediction that the Federal Communications Commission's recent telephone rate cuts
will greatly reduce costs
(E) For consumers and businesses making a large number of long-distance calls, the government
predicts that the recent telephone rate cuts that the Federal Communications Commission has
made will greatly reduce costs
句子结构：The government predicts that, for consumers and businesses that …, the FCC's recent
telephone rate cuts will greatly reduce costs, though…, suggesting....
主句主语是the government，谓语predict，后跟that引导宾语从句说明predict的内容。从句主语是rate
cuts，谓语是reduce。Though引导状语从句，suggesting是现在分词短语作伴随状语修饰disagree。
考点：逻辑表达、句子结构
逻辑表达，在 GMAT 语法中，主动语态通常优于被动语态，因为被动结构复杂并且不能清楚表达出
施动对象；介词短语的位置不能随意改变，否则会使修饰对象改变，产生歧义。
句子结构，在主从复杂句子中要注意主句和从句的主谓结构是否齐全，常见的错误选项是缺少主句谓
语。
(A) 正确，for…指“对…而言”。
(B) cost be reduced by…，被动语态表达不清晰。
(C) 名词prediction不及动词表达更确切；被动语态表达不清晰。
(D) 句子主语是prediction，缺少谓语；介词短语for…修饰对象错误，应该是修饰FCC，而不是the
government。
(E) 介词短语for…修饰对象错误，that引导定语从句修饰rate cuts不及直接用’s rate cuts简洁。
163. (33705-!-item-!-188;#058&007028) [OG原题：OG10-258]
The British sociologist and activist Barbara Wootton once noted as a humorous example of income
maldistribution that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning
annually exactly what she then earned as director of adult education for London.
(A) that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning
(B) that the elephant, giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, had been earning
(C) that there was an elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, and it earned
(D) the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and was earning
(E) the elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and that it earned
句子结构：… Barbara Wootton noted as… that the elephant that… was earning…
Note that… as…因为that从句较长，所以移到句子后面。
OG10解释：
Choice A, the best answer, uses the idiomatic construction noted... that and clearly focuses on the
salient information-- a comparison of annual earnings.
In B, the structure of noted... that the elephant, giving rides ..., had been earning falsely implies that
the reader already knows about the elephant--that is, that the existence of this particular elephant is
not new information. Also, the past perfect had been improperly places the elephant's earning in the
past, prior to Wootton's; consistent verb tense is needed to show that the actions are simultaneous.
Choice C may be faulted for distortion of meaning and diminished clarity because it suggests that
the point of Wootton's example was the elephant's very existence; comparative earnings are
presented (after and) as incidental detail.
Choice D is awkward and inexact; the whole circumstance that Wootton "noted" is best expressed
in a clause that begins with that.
Choice E does not use the idiomatic construction noted that x; therefore, and that it earned has no
parallel construction to which it can be joined.
164. (33751-!-item-!-188;#058&007036)
One automobile manufacturer has announced plans to increase the average fuel efficiency of its
sport utility vehicles by 25 percent over the next five years, amounting to roughly five miles per
gallon, and representing the first significant change in the fuel efficiency of any class of passenger
vehicle in almost two decades.
(A) amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and representing
(B) amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and it would represent
(C) an increase that would amount to roughly five miles per gallon and it would represent
(D) an increase that would amount to roughly five miles per gallon and would represent
(E) which is an increase amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, representing
句子结构：One automobile manufacturer has announced plans to increase…, an increase that
would … and would…
An increase that…是概括性同位语从句，修饰前面的句子，从句有并列谓语would amount to… and
would represent…。
考点：句子结构、逻辑表达
句子结构，在 GMAT 考试中，有一类典型的句子结构错误是从句内容在语法上与主句并列，所以在
看到句中的连词 and 或 or 时，要注意逻辑上的并列对象与语法上的并列对象是否一致。
逻辑表达，多个修饰成分在修饰相同的对象时，之间要加上连词，否则会导致修饰歧义。
(A) 现在分词结构在本句中修饰对象不清楚，and前面不应该有逗号，加了逗号使得and representing
没有语法上的平行对象。
(B) 现在分词结构修饰对象不清楚；and it would represent在语法上应该与主句并列，it指代
manufacturer，不符合逻辑关系。
(C) and it would represent应该与主句并列，不符合逻辑关系。
(D) 正确，an increase that would… and would… 从句含有并列谓语。
(E) which没有指代对象；分词结构representing…修饰对象不清楚，表达的意思是与amounting一样
用来修饰increase，所以前面应该加and。
165. (33893-!-item-!-188;#058&007190)
Due to poaching and increased cultivation in their native habitats, researchers have determined
that there are fewer than 100 Arabian leopards left in the wild, and that these leopards are thus
many times as rare as China's giant pandas.
(A) Due to poaching and increased cultivation in their native habitats, researchers have determined
that there are fewer than 100 Arabian leopards left in the wild, and that these leopards are thus
many times as rare as
(B) Due to poaching and increased cultivation in their native habitats, there are fewer than 100
Arabian leopards left in the wild, researchers have determined, making them many times more rare
than
(C) There are fewer than 100 Arabian leopards left in the wild due to poaching and increased
cultivation in their native habitats, researchers have determined, which makes the leopards many
times more rare compared to
(D) Researchers have determined that, because of being poached and increased cultivation in their
native habitats, there are fewer than 100 Arabian leopards left in the wild, thus making them many
more times as rare as
(E) Researchers have determined that, because of poaching and increased cultivation in their
native habitats, there are fewer than 100 Arabian leopards left in the wild, and that these leopards
are thus many times more rare than
句子结构：Researchers have determined that, because of…, …, and that…
Determined后跟that引导的并列的宾语从句说明determine的内容，because of…作插入语说明原因。
考点：比较、逻辑表达
1) 比较-倍数的表达，表达倍数用“… times + more +adj.+than，… time as +adj.+than”都正确。
2) 逻辑表达，状语位置不能随意改变。
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