matlab计算数字滤波器的幅频响应

1


freqz uses an FFT-basedalgorithm to calculate the Z-transform frequency response of a digitalfilter. Specifically, the statement

[h,w] = freqz(b,a,p)

returns the p-point complex frequency response, H(e^jω),of the digital filter.

H(ejω)=b(1)+b(2)e−jω+...+b(n+1)e−jωna(1)+a(2)e−jω+...+a(m+1)e−jωm

In its simplest form, freqz accepts the filtercoefficient vectors b and a,and an integer p specifying the number of pointsat which to calculate the frequency response. freqz returnsthe complex frequency response in vector h, andthe actual frequency points in vector w in rad/s.

[h,w]= freqz(b,a,n)

[h,w] = freqz(sos,n)

[h,w] = freqz(d,n)

[h,w]= freqz(___,n,'whole')

[h,f]= freqz(___,n,fs)

[h,f]= freqz(___,n,'whole',fs)

h = freqz(___,w)

h = freqz(___,f,fs)

freqz(___)

Description

example

[h,w]= freqz(b,a,n) returnsthe n-point frequency response vector, h, and the corresponding angularfrequency vector, w, forthe digital filter with numerator and denominator polynomial coefficientsstored in b and a, respectively.

example

[h,w] = freqz(sos,n) returnsthe n-point complex frequency response correspondingto the second-order sections matrix, sos.

example

[h,w] = freqz(d,n) returnsthe n-point complex frequency response for thedigital filter, d.

[h,w]= freqz(___,n,'whole') returnsthe frequency response at n sample points aroundthe entire unit circle.

[h,f]= freqz(___,n,fs) returnsthe frequency response vector, h,and the corresponding physical frequency vector, f, for the digital filter with numeratorand denominator polynomial coefficients stored in b and a,respectively, given the sampling frequency, fs.

[h,f]= freqz(___,n,'whole',fs) returnsthe frequency at n points ranging between 0 and fs.

h = freqz(___,w) returnsthe frequency response vector, h, at the normalizedfrequencies supplied in w.

h = freqz(___,f,fs) returnsthe frequency response vector, h, at the physicalfrequencies supplied in f.

example

freqz(___) withno output arguments plots the frequency response of the filter.

Note:   If the input to freqz issingle precision, the frequency response is calculated using single-precisionarithmetic. The output, h, is single precision.

2

FREQZ 是计算数字滤波器的频率响应的函数

    [H,W] = FREQZ(B,A,N) returns the N-point complex frequency response

    vector H and the N-point frequency vector W in radians/sample of

    the filter:

 函数的输出：a.滤波器的频率响应H（N点）  b.频率向量W(N点，且单位为弧度)

其中，滤波器形式如下：

 

 

given numerator and denominator coefficients in vectors B and A. The

    frequency response is evaluated at N points equally spaced around the

    upper half of the unit circle. If N isn't specified, it defaults to    512.

 滤波器的系数：

分子为B，分母为A  

  频率向量W，是均匀分布在滤波器的上半区，即：0：pi，这些点上的频率响应都将通过此函数计算出来。

举例:

假设滤波器的系数A=1，B=【1 1/2 1/3 1/4】;通过FREQZ函数便可以得到此滤波器的频率特性

其中，需要考察的是H和W的长度，看是否符合我们设置的N。

 

     [H,W] = FREQZ(B,A,N,'whole') uses N points around the whole unit circle.

    函数给出了滤波器的双边频率特性，是N点的

    H = FREQZ(B,A,W) returns the frequency response at frequencies

    designated in vector W, in radians/sample (normally between 0 and pi).

    函数的输出依然是滤波器的频率响应H，只不过这个H是限定了范围的，不再是全频率（0：pi）上的了，这个范围由W来指定，单位是弧度。

举例：W=【0.5pi----pi】,下图中，红线部分便是此函数的输出，可见，只描述了【0.5pi----pi】之间的频率响应。

    [H,F] = FREQZ(B,A,N,Fs) and [H,F] = FREQZ(B,A,N,'whole',Fs) return

    frequency vector F (in Hz), where Fs is the sampling frequency (in Hz).

注意下图的横坐标与程序中fs的关系

    H = FREQZ(B,A,F,Fs) returns the complex frequency response at the

    frequencies designated in vector F (in Hz), where Fs is the sampling

    frequency (in Hz).

    FREQZ(B,A,...) with no output arguments plots the magnitude and

    unwrapped phase of the filter in the current figure window.

3

MATLAB提供了专门用于求离散系统频响特性的函数freqz()，调用freqz()的格式有以下两种：

(1)[H,w]=freqz(B,A,N)

(2)[H,w]=freqz(B,A,N,’whole’)

   (1)中B和A分别为离散系统的系统函数分子、分母多项式的系数向量，返回量H则包含了离散系统频响在0~pi范围内N个频率等分点的值（其中N为正整数），w则包含了范围内N个频率等分点。调用默认的N时，其值是512。

(2)中调用格式将计算离散系统在0~pi范内的N个频率等分店的频率响应的值。

因此，可以先调用freqz()函数计算系统的频率响应，然后利用abs()和angle()函数及plot()函数，即可绘制出系统在或 范围内的频响曲线。

绘制如下系统的频响曲线

H(z)=(z-0.5)/z

 

 MATLAB命令如下：

    B=[1-0.5];

    A =[10];

   [H,w]=freqz(B,A,400,'whole');

   Hf=abs(H);

   Hx=angle(H);

    clf

   figure(1)

   plot(w,Hf)

title('离散系统幅频特性曲线')

   figure(2)

   plot(w,Hx)

   title('离散系统相频特性曲线')