Rust: match 与ref

在match中，经常会碰到ref，此时的ref是对某值的借用，而不是匹配。如果按纯匹配的角度看，不容易理解。

fn main() {
    // 情景1：匹配
    let t_1 = (42, "i love rust language".to_string());
    let (n, s) = t_1;
    // t_1 has been moved. It is No More
    // n: 42, s:"i love rust language".to_string()
    
    // 情景2：借用
    let t_2 = (42, "i love rust language".to_string());
    
    // nn and ss are borrowed from t_2. It still lives!
    //nn: &42, ss:&"i love rust language"
  
    // 情景3：借用
    let ot = Some((42, "hello world".to_string()));

    if let Some((_, ref s)) = ot {
        assert_eq!(s, "hello world");
    }
   
    // s: 此时是表示对“hello world”.to_string()的借用，即“hello world”
    // 并不是说要让ref s ="hello world.to_string()"进行模式匹配；
    
    thread::sleep_ms(500000);
}

另外，如果我们来看看这种情况：

fn match_tuple_0(t: (i32, String)) {
    let text = match t {
        (0, s) => format!("zero {}", s),
        (1, ref s) if s == "hello" => format!("hello one!"),
        tt => format!("no match {:?}", tt),
        // or say _ => format!("no match") if you're not interested in the value
    };
    println!("{}", text);
}

显然是可以编译的。 运行match_tuple_0(1,“hello”.to_string()), 输出“hello one”;

关于ref mut

    let mut robot_name = Some(String::from("Bors"));
    match robot_name {
        Some(ref mut name) => *name = String::from("Another name"),
        None => (),
    }
    
    println!("robot_name is: {:?}", robot_name);

但是：

fn match_tuple_1(t: (i32, String)) {
    let text = match t {
        (0, s) => format!("zero {}", s),
        (0, ref s) if s == "hello" => format!("hello one!"),
        tt => format!("no match {:?}", tt),
        // or say _ => format!("no match") if you're not interested in the value
    };
    println!("{}", text);
}

也是可以。运行match_tuple_1(0,“hello”.to_string()), 输出什么？

结果是：“zero hello”, 为什么不会输出“hello one”? 因为被拦截了。