Vulkan-官方示例解读-piplines

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前言

piplines：使用将状态信息（光栅化状态、剔除模式等）与着色器一起烘焙到单个对象中的管道状态对象 (pso)，使实现更容易优化使用（与 OpenGL 的动态状态机相比）。本例子还演示了管道导数的使用。后面进一步还有统计渲染管线。

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提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

一、piplines.cpp

1.基本变量

class VulkanExample: public VulkanExampleBase
{
public:
	vkglTF::Model scene;

	vks::Buffer uniformBuffer;

	// Same uniform buffer layout as shader
	struct UBOVS {
		glm::mat4 projection;
		glm::mat4 modelView;
		glm::vec4 lightPos = glm::vec4(0.0f, 2.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
	} uboVS;

	VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
	VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet;
	VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;

	struct {
		VkPipeline phong;
		VkPipeline wireframe;
		VkPipeline toon;
	} pipelines;

2.函数

除了构造函数以及析构函数外比较重要的有如下函数：

• 启用此示例所需的物理设备功能

  	// Enable physical device features required for this example
  	virtual void getEnabledFeatures()
  	{
  		// Fill mode non solid is required for wireframe display
  		if (deviceFeatures.fillModeNonSolid) {
  			enabledFeatures.fillModeNonSolid = VK_TRUE;
  			// Wide lines must be present for line width > 1.0f
  			if (deviceFeatures.wideLines) {
  				enabledFeatures.wideLines = VK_TRUE;
  			}
  		};
  	}
  
  

• 创建命令缓冲：在这个函数中实现了分屏以及渲染的操作的命令。
  不同的渲染方式使用了同一个pipline中的不同元素，这些元素分别由shader建立。

  	void buildCommandBuffers()
  	{
  		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo = vks::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();
  
  		VkClearValue clearValues[2];
  		clearValues[0].color = defaultClearColor;
  		clearValues[1].depthStencil = { 1.0f, 0 };
  
  		VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo = vks::initializers::renderPassBeginInfo();
  		renderPassBeginInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
  		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.x = 0;
  		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.y = 0;
  		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.width = width;
  		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.height = height;
  		renderPassBeginInfo.clearValueCount = 2;
  		renderPassBeginInfo.pClearValues = clearValues;
  
  		for (int32_t i = 0; i < drawCmdBuffers.size(); ++i)
  		{
  			// Set target frame buffer
  			renderPassBeginInfo.framebuffer = frameBuffers[i];
  
  			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBeginCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], &cmdBufInfo));
  
  			vkCmdBeginRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i], &renderPassBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
  
  			VkViewport viewport = vks::initializers::viewport((float)width, (float)height, 0.0f, 1.0f);
  			vkCmdSetViewport(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &viewport);
  
  			VkRect2D scissor = vks::initializers::rect2D(width, height,	0, 0);
  			vkCmdSetScissor(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &scissor);
  
  			vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &descriptorSet, 0, NULL);
  			scene.bindBuffers(drawCmdBuffers[i]);
  
  			// 渲染左边的 : Solid colored
  			viewport.width = (float)width / 3.0;
  			vkCmdSetViewport(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &viewport);
  			vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelines.phong);
  			scene.draw(drawCmdBuffers[i]);
  
  			// 渲染中间的 : Toon
  			viewport.x = (float)width / 3.0;
  			vkCmdSetViewport(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &viewport);
  			vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelines.toon);
  			// Line width > 1.0f only if wide lines feature is supported
  			if (deviceFeatures.wideLines) {
  				vkCmdSetLineWidth(drawCmdBuffers[i], 2.0f);
  			}
  			scene.draw(drawCmdBuffers[i]);
  
  			if (deviceFeatures.fillModeNonSolid)
  			{
  				// 渲染右边的 : Wireframe
  				viewport.x = (float)width / 3.0 + (float)width / 3.0;
  				vkCmdSetViewport(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &viewport);
  				vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelines.wireframe);
  				scene.draw(drawCmdBuffers[i]);
  			}
  
  			drawUI(drawCmdBuffers[i]);
  
  			vkCmdEndRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i]);
  
  			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkEndCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i]));
  		}
  	}
  

• 创建渲染管线：给渲染光纤pipelineCI中添加一系列属性数据。将shader写入渲染管线当中。
  创建图形管道状态对象
  我们使用此管道作为其他管道（衍生品）的基础
  管道衍生品可用于共享大部分状态的管道
  根据实现的不同，这可能会提高管道的性能
  切换和更快的创建时间
  注意下面的基础性渲染管线的建立以及派生的渲染管线的使用：在基础管道之后创建的所有管道都将是衍生产品，

  	void preparePipelines()
  	{
  		VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssemblyState = vks::initializers::pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST, 0, VK_FALSE);
  		VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizationState = vks::initializers::pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo(VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL, VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT, VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE, 0);
  		VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState blendAttachmentState = vks::initializers::pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState(0xf, VK_FALSE);
  		VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlendState = vks::initializers::pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo(1, &blendAttachmentState);
  		VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilState = vks::initializers::pipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo(VK_TRUE, VK_TRUE, VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL);
  		VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState = vks::initializers::pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo(1, 1, 0);
  		VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampleState = vks::initializers::pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT);
  		std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamicStateEnables = { VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT, VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR, VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LINE_WIDTH, };
  		VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState = vks::initializers::pipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo(dynamicStateEnables);
  		std::array<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> shaderStages;
  
  		VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCI = vks::initializers::pipelineCreateInfo(pipelineLayout, renderPass);
  		pipelineCI.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssemblyState;
  		pipelineCI.pRasterizationState = &rasterizationState;
  		pipelineCI.pColorBlendState = &colorBlendState;
  		pipelineCI.pMultisampleState = &multisampleState;
  		pipelineCI.pViewportState = &viewportState;
  		pipelineCI.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilState;
  		pipelineCI.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;
  		pipelineCI.stageCount = shaderStages.size();
  		pipelineCI.pStages = shaderStages.data();
  		pipelineCI.pVertexInputState  = vkglTF::Vertex::getPipelineVertexInputState({vkglTF::VertexComponent::Position, vkglTF::VertexComponent::Normal, vkglTF::VertexComponent::Color});
  
  		// Create the graphics pipeline state objects
  
  		// We are using this pipeline as the base for the other pipelines (derivatives)
  		// Pipeline derivatives can be used for pipelines that share most of their state
  		// Depending on the implementation this may result in better performance for pipeline
  		// switching and faster creation time
  		pipelineCI.flags = VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_ALLOW_DERIVATIVES_BIT;
  
  		// Textured pipeline
  		// Phong shading pipeline
  		shaderStages[0] = loadShader(getShadersPath() + "pipelines/phong.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
  		shaderStages[1] = loadShader(getShadersPath() + "pipelines/phong.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);
  		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCI, nullptr, &pipelines.phong));
  
  		// 在基础管道之后创建的所有管道都将是衍生产品
  		pipelineCI.flags = VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT;
  		// 基础渲染管线是我们的第一个渲染管线
  		pipelineCI.basePipelineHandle = pipelines.phong;
  		//只允许对基本管道使用句柄或索引
  		//当我们使用句柄时，我们必须将索引设置为 -1（请参阅规范的第 9.5 节）
  		pipelineCI.basePipelineIndex = -1;
  
  		// Toon shading pipeline
  		shaderStages[0] = loadShader(getShadersPath() + "pipelines/toon.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
  		shaderStages[1] = loadShader(getShadersPath() + "pipelines/toon.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);
  		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCI, nullptr, &pipelines.toon));
  
  		// Pipeline for wire frame rendering
  		// Non solid rendering is not a mandatory Vulkan feature
  		if (deviceFeatures.fillModeNonSolid)
  		{
  			rasterizationState.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_LINE;
  			shaderStages[0] = loadShader(getShadersPath() + "pipelines/wireframe.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
  			shaderStages[1] = loadShader(getShadersPath() + "pipelines/wireframe.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);
  			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCI, nullptr, &pipelines.wireframe));
  		}
  	}
  

二、GLSL

1.phone

fargShader：

#version 450

layout (binding = 1) uniform sampler2D samplerColorMap;

layout (location = 0) in vec3 inNormal;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 inColor;
layout (location = 2) in vec3 inViewVec;
layout (location = 3) in vec3 inLightVec;

layout (location = 0) out vec4 outFragColor;

void main() 
{
	// Desaturate color
    vec3 color = vec3(mix(inColor, vec3(dot(vec3(0.2126,0.7152,0.0722), inColor)), 0.65));	

	// High ambient colors because mesh materials are pretty dark
	vec3 ambient = color * vec3(1.0);
	vec3 N = normalize(inNormal);
	vec3 L = normalize(inLightVec);
	vec3 V = normalize(inViewVec);
	vec3 R = reflect(-L, N);
	vec3 diffuse = max(dot(N, L), 0.0) * color;
	vec3 specular = pow(max(dot(R, V), 0.0), 32.0) * vec3(0.35);
	outFragColor = vec4(ambient + diffuse * 1.75 + specular, 1.0);		
}

vertShader：

#version 450

layout (location = 0) in vec3 inPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 inNormal;
layout (location = 2) in vec3 inColor;

layout (binding = 0) uniform UBO 
{
	mat4 projection;
	mat4 model;
	vec4 lightPos;
} ubo;

layout (location = 0) out vec3 outNormal;
layout (location = 1) out vec3 outColor;
layout (location = 2) out vec3 outViewVec;
layout (location = 3) out vec3 outLightVec;

void main() 
{
	outNormal = inNormal;
	outColor = inColor;
	gl_Position = ubo.projection * ubo.model * vec4(inPos.xyz, 1.0);
	
	vec4 pos = ubo.model * vec4(inPos, 1.0);
	outNormal = mat3(ubo.model) * inNormal;
	vec3 lPos = mat3(ubo.model) * ubo.lightPos.xyz;
	outLightVec = lPos - pos.xyz;
	outViewVec = -pos.xyz;		
}

2.toon

fragShader

#version 450

layout (binding = 1) uniform sampler2D samplerColorMap;

layout (location = 0) in vec3 inNormal;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 inColor;
layout (location = 2) in vec3 inViewVec;
layout (location = 3) in vec3 inLightVec;

layout (location = 0) out vec4 outFragColor;

void main() 
{
	// Desaturate color
    vec3 color = vec3(mix(inColor, vec3(dot(vec3(0.2126,0.7152,0.0722), inColor)), 0.65));	

	// High ambient colors because mesh materials are pretty dark
	vec3 ambient = color * vec3(1.0);
	vec3 N = normalize(inNormal);
	vec3 L = normalize(inLightVec);
	vec3 V = normalize(inViewVec);
	vec3 R = reflect(-L, N);
	vec3 diffuse = max(dot(N, L), 0.0) * color;
	vec3 specular = pow(max(dot(R, V), 0.0), 16.0) * vec3(0.75);
	outFragColor = vec4(ambient + diffuse * 1.75 + specular, 1.0);		
	
	float intensity = dot(N,L);
	float shade = 1.0;
	shade = intensity < 0.5 ? 0.75 : shade;
	shade = intensity < 0.35 ? 0.6 : shade;
	shade = intensity < 0.25 ? 0.5 : shade;
	shade = intensity < 0.1 ? 0.25 : shade;

	outFragColor.rgb = inColor * 3.0 * shade;
}

vertShader

#version 450

layout (location = 0) in vec3 inPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 inNormal;
layout (location = 2) in vec3 inColor;

layout (binding = 0) uniform UBO 
{
	mat4 projection;
	mat4 model;
	vec4 lightPos;
} ubo;

layout (location = 0) out vec3 outNormal;
layout (location = 1) out vec3 outColor;
layout (location = 2) out vec3 outViewVec;
layout (location = 3) out vec3 outLightVec;

void main() 
{
	outNormal = inNormal;
	outColor = inColor;
	gl_Position = ubo.projection * ubo.model * vec4(inPos.xyz, 1.0);
	
	vec4 pos = ubo.model * vec4(inPos, 1.0);
	outNormal = mat3(ubo.model) * inNormal;
	vec3 lPos = mat3(ubo.model) * ubo.lightPos.xyz;
	outLightVec = lPos - pos.xyz;
	outViewVec = -pos.xyz;		
}

3.wireframe

fragShader

#version 450

layout (location = 0) in vec3 inColor;

layout (location = 0) out vec4 outFragColor;

void main() 
{
	outFragColor.rgb = inColor * 1.5;
}

vertShader

#version 450

layout (location = 0) in vec4 inPos;
layout (location = 2) in vec3 inColor;

layout (binding = 0) uniform UBO 
{
	mat4 projection;
	mat4 model;
} ubo;

layout (location = 0) out vec3 outColor;

void main() 
{
	outColor = inColor;
	gl_Position = ubo.projection * ubo.model * inPos;
}

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