Android 之Service利剑 bindservice，利用Messenger互相通信

两种启动service的方式

1.startService 启动服务：用于后台执行任务，不进行通信，停止服务用stopService

如果一个Service被某个Activity 调用 Context.startService方法启动，那么不管是否有Activity使用bindService绑定或unbindService解除绑定到该Service，该Service都在后台运行。如果一个Service被startService 方法多次启动，那么onCreate方法只会调用一次，onStart将会被调用多次（对应调用startService的次数），并且系统只会创建Service的一个实例（因此你应该知道只需要一次stopService调用）。该Service将会一直在后台运行，而不管对应程序的Activity是否在运行，直到被调用stopService，或自身的stopSelf方法。当然如果系统资源不足，android系统也可能结束服务。

2.bindService ：服务要进行通信，停止服务unbindService

如果一个Service被某个Activity 调用 Context.bindService 方法绑定启动，不管调用 bindService调用几次，onCreate方法都只会调用一次，同时onStart方法始终不会被调用。当连接建立之后，Service将会一直运行，除非调用Context.unbindService 断开连接或者之前调用bindService 的 Context 不存在了（如Activity被finish的时候），系统将会自动停止Service，对应onDestroy将被调用。

二者可以同时使用
被启动又被绑定的服务的生命周期：如果一个Service又被启动又被绑定，则该Service将会一直在后台运行。并且不管如何调用，onCreate始终只会调用一次，对应startService调用多少次，Service的onStart便会调用多少次。调用unbindService将不会停止Service，而必须调用 stopService 或 Service的 stopSelf 来停止服务

Service 的种类

1、本地服务， Local Service 用于应用程序内部。在Service可以调用Context.startService()启动，调用Context.stopService()结束。在内部可以调用Service.stopSelf() 或 Service.stopSelfResult()来自己停止。无论调用了多少次startService()，都只需调用一次stopService()来停止。（用于播放音乐等）

2、远程服务， Remote Service 用于android系统内部的应用程序之间。可以定义接口并把接口暴露出来，以便其他应用进行操作。客户端建立到服务对象的连接，并通过那个连接来调用服务。调用Context.bindService()方法建立连接，并启动，以调用 Context.unbindService()关闭连接。多个客户端可以绑定至同一个服务。如果服务此时还没有加载，bindService()会先加载它，该服务是独立的进程，会占用一定资源，并且使用AIDL进行IPC（一般用于常驻服务）

服务的一些实例

IntentService

public class HelloIntentService extends IntentService {

  /**
   * A constructor is required, and must call the super IntentService(String)
   * constructor with a name for the worker thread.
   */
  public HelloIntentService() {
      super("HelloIntentService");
  }

  /**
   * The IntentService calls this method from the default worker thread with
   * the intent that started the service. When this method returns, IntentService
   * stops the service, as appropriate.
   */
  @Override
  protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
      // Normally we would do some work here, like download a file.
      // For our sample, we just sleep for 5 seconds.
      try {
          Thread.sleep(5000);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          // Restore interrupt status.
          Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
      }
  }
}

源码来一段

/**
 * IntentService is a base class for {@link Service}s that handle asynchronous
 * requests (expressed as {@link Intent}s) on demand.  Clients send requests
 * through {@link android.content.Context#startService(Intent)} calls; the
 * service is started as needed, handles each Intent in turn using a worker
 * thread, and stops itself when it runs out of work.
 *
 * <p>This "work queue processor" pattern is commonly used to offload tasks
 * from an application's main thread.  The IntentService class exists to
 * simplify this pattern and take care of the mechanics.  To use it, extend
 * IntentService and implement {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)}.  IntentService
 * will receive the Intents, launch a worker thread, and stop the service as
 * appropriate.
 *
 * <p>All requests are handled on a single worker thread -- they may take as
 * long as necessary (and will not block the application's main loop), but
 * only one request will be processed at a time.
 *
 * <div class="special reference">
 * <h3>Developer Guides</h3>
 * <p>For a detailed discussion about how to create services, read the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/services.html">Services</a> developer
 * guide.</p>
 * </div>
 *
 * @see android.os.AsyncTask
 */
public abstract class IntentService extends Service {
    private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
    private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
    private String mName;
    private boolean mRedelivery;

    private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
        public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
            stopSelf(msg.arg1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
     *
     * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.
     */
    public IntentService(String name) {
        super();
        mName = name;
    }

    /**
     * Sets intent redelivery preferences.  Usually called from the constructor
     * with your preferred semantics.
     *
     * <p>If enabled is true,
     * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
     * {@link Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT}, so if this process dies before
     * {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)} returns, the process will be restarted
     * and the intent redelivered.  If multiple Intents have been sent, only
     * the most recent one is guaranteed to be redelivered.
     *
     * <p>If enabled is false (the default),
     * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
     * {@link Service#START_NOT_STICKY}, and if the process dies, the Intent
     * dies along with it.
     */
    public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
        mRedelivery = enabled;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
        // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
        // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.

        super.onCreate();
        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
        thread.start();

        mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
        mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) {
        Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
        msg.arg1 = startId;
        msg.obj = intent;
        mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    /**
     * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
     * override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService
     * receives a start request.
     * @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
     */
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        onStart(intent, startId);
        return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        mServiceLooper.quit();
    }

    /**
     * Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this
     * method, because the default implementation returns null.
     * @see android.app.Service#onBind
     */
    @Override
    @Nullable
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
     * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
     * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
     * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
     * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
     * When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,
     * so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}.
     *
     * @param intent The value passed to {@link
     *               android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}.
     *               This may be null if the service is being restarted after
     *               its process has gone away; see
     *               {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand}
     *               for details.
     */
    @WorkerThread
    protected abstract void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent);
}

/* * * * * * *bindService-2017-07-29 简单示例

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    private TestService.MyBind  binder;
    private TestService myService;
    private int getRom;
   ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
       @Override
       public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
           binder = (TestService.MyBind) service;
           myService =  binder.getService();
           getRom = myService.getRom();


       }

       @Override
       public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {

       }
   };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        bindService(new Intent(this, TestService.class), connection, 0);

        TestService test = new TestService();
        test.getRom();
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "num=="+test.getRom(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "getRom=="+getRom, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

  @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unbindService(connection);
    }
}

/ * * * * Service

public class TestService extends Service {

public class MyBind extends Binder{
    public TestService getService(){

        return TestService.this;
    }
}

    private MyBind myBind = new MyBind();


    public TestService() {
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return myBind;
    }

    public int getRom(){

        return  1;
    }
}

/ * * * * * * * * * 2017-08-01
对于activity 和service 相互通信 是借助于Messenger 对象 通过handler 相互发送数据 并传递各种的Messenger对象来获得信息。

/ service

public class TestService extends Service {

    private static final int MEG_SUM = 0x1100;
    private Messenger mMesseger = new Messenger(new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            Message msgToClient = Message.obtain(msg);
            switch (msgToClient.what) {
                case MEG_SUM:
                    msg.what = MEG_SUM;
                    try {
                        //模拟耗时
                        Thread.sleep(2000);
                        msgToClient.arg2 = msg.arg2;
                        msg.replyTo.send(msgToClient);
                        Toast.makeText(TestService.this, "接受到发来的消息，并转发！！！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }

                    break;
            }

        }
    });

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mMesseger.getBinder();
    }

}

/ * * * * * Activity

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    public static final String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();
    public static final int MEG_SUM = 0x1100;
    private Messenger mService;
    private Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MEG_SUM:
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "接收到service消息==>" + msg.arg2, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }

        }
    });


    ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            mService = new Messenger(service);

            Message msg = Message.obtain();
            msg.what = MEG_SUM;
            msg.arg2 = 0x0011;
            msg.replyTo = mMessenger;
            try {
                mService.send(msg);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Activity发送消息", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {

        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, TestService.class);
//        intent.setAction("android.intent.action.MyService");
        bindService(intent, connection, 1);

    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unbindService(connection);
    }
}

/ * * * * * Mainfest

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.test.service">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <service
            android:name=".TestService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <!--<intent-filter>-->
                <!--<action android:name="android.intent.action.MyService"/>-->
            <!--</intent-filter>-->
        </service>
    </application>

</manifest>