Permutation Sequence算法详解

算法题目：The set [1,2,3,…,n] contains a total of n! unique permutations.

By listing and labeling all of the permutations in order,
We get the following sequence (ie, for n = 3):

“123”
“132”
“213”
“231”
“312”
“321”
Given n and k, return the kth permutation sequence.

Note: Given n will be between 1 and 9 inclusive.

题意：给定1……n数字集合，有n!种排列，排列按小到大排，找到第k个排列字符串，n>=1&&n<=9

思路：先初始化字符串“1……n”，然后从0位开始逐步确定每一位的数字，第i位后面的数字有（n-1-i)!种排法，若假设k<(n-1-i)!，则可确定第i位的数字。

    string getPermutation(int n, int k) {
        int KN=1;
        string ret(n,'1');
        for(int i=2;i<=n;i++)
        {
            KN*=i;
            ret[i-1]=i+'0';
        }
        int temp=n;
        for(int i=0;i<ret.size();i++)
        {
            KN/=temp;
            for(int j=i+1;j<n&&k>KN;j++)
            {
                swap(ret[i],ret[j]);
                k-=KN;
                if(k==1)break;
            }
            temp--;
        }
        return ret;
    }