Capacity论文阅读笔记4之Capacity of a mobile multiple antenna communication link in Rayleigh flat fading

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-08 10:28:42 发布

吴炳洋

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-08 10:28:42 发布

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分类专栏：无线通信文章标签：数字通信统计学

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附录 A 给出 $T$ 维单位向量概率密度函数为
$p(\phi) = \frac{\Gamma (T)}{\pi ^T} \cdot \delta ( {\phi ^\ast \phi - 1} )$
系数 ${\Gamma (T)}/{\pi ^T}$ 使 $p(\phi)$ 的积分结果为 1.
向量 $\phi$ 当 ${\phi ^\ast \phi= 1}$ 所构成的空间为 $\delta ( {\phi ^\ast \phi - 1} )$ ，其积分结果为
$\int \delta \left( {\phi ^\ast \phi - 1} \right)= \frac{\pi ^T} {\Gamma (T)}$
设向量 $\phi$ 的元素为 $x_i+jy_i=r_i(\cos\theta_i+j\sin\theta_i)$ , $i=1,\cdots,T$ ，因此 $dx_idy_i=r_idr_id\theta_i=\frac{1}{2}dr_i^2d\theta_i$ 。另设

$\begin{aligned}&\gamma_1= r_1^2=\gamma c_1^2\\ &\gamma_2= r_2^2=\gamma s_1^2c_2^2\\ & \cdots \\ & \gamma_{T-1} = r_{T-1}^2=\gamma s_1^2...s_{T-2}^2c_{T-1}^2\\ & \gamma_{T} = r_T^2=\gamma s_1^2...s_{T-1}^2\\ \end{aligned}$
向量 $\phi$ ， $\phi ^\ast \phi= r^2=\gamma$ ，所构成空间的体积
$\begin{aligned}V(\gamma,T) &= \int \prod_{i=1}^{T}r_i d r_i \int_{0}^{2\pi}d\theta _i \\ &=\left ( 2\pi \right )^T \int \prod_{i=1}^{T}r_i d r_i\\&=\left ( \pi \right )^T \int \prod_{i=1}^{T} d \gamma_i\\ &=\pi^T \int \gamma^{T-1}d\gamma \prod_{i=1}^{T-1}\int_{0}^{1}\ 2s_i^{2(T-i)-1} d s_i\\ &=\frac{\pi ^T\gamma^T}{T!} \end{aligned}$
$\gamma=1$ 所构成的空间
$\begin{aligned}\int \delta \left( {\phi ^\ast \phi - 1} \right) &=\frac{\partial }{\partial \gamma}V(\gamma,T)|_{\gamma=1}\\&=\frac{\pi ^T}{\Gamma(T)}\\ \end{aligned}$
对公式 (A.1)的理解：
令 $\tilde\gamma=\sum _{i=L+1}^T\gamma_i$ , $P(\phi ^{(L)\ast }\phi ^{( L )} <x )=P(1-x\le\tilde\gamma<1)$
$\begin{aligned} P\left ( \phi ^{\left( L \right)\ast }\phi ^{\left( L \right)} <x \right ) &=\int_{1-x<\sum _{i=L+1}^T\gamma_i\le 1} p\left ( \phi ^\ast \phi \right )\pi^{T-L}\prod _{i=L+1}^T d\gamma_i\\ & =\int_{1-x}^1 p\left ( \phi ^\ast \phi \right ) {\pi^{T-L}\over(T-L)!}d\tilde \gamma\\ &= \frac{\Gamma(T)}{\pi^L(T-L)!}[1-(1-x)^{T-L}] \end{aligned}$
概率密度函数
$p(\phi ^{( L)\ast }\phi ^{( L )}=x)=\frac{\partial}{\partial x}P( \phi ^{( L)\ast }\phi ^{( L )} <x )=\frac{\Gamma(T)}{\pi^L\Gamma(T-L)}(1-x)^{T-L-1}$
即
$p\left( {\phi ^{\left( L \right)}} \right) = \frac{\Gamma (T)}{\pi ^L\Gamma (T - L)} \cdot \left( {1 - \phi ^{\left( L \right)\ast }\phi ^{\left( L \right)}} \right)^{T - 1 - L}$
对公式（B.2）的理解
情况1）
$\begin{aligned} E\left\{ {\exp \left( {\sum\limits_{l = 1}^T {a_l \cdot \left| {\phi _l } \right|^2} } \right)} \right\} &=\frac{\Gamma(T)}{\pi^T}\int \exp \left(\sum_{l = 1}^T a_l \cdot \gamma_l\right ) \prod_{l=1}^T \frac{1}{2}d\gamma_l d\theta_l \\&=\Gamma(T)\int \exp \left ({\sum_{l = 1}^T a_l \cdot \gamma_l}\right ) \prod_{l=1}^T d\gamma_l \\&=\Gamma(T)\int \exp \left ( {\sum_{l = 1}^{T-1} a_l \cdot \prod _{j=1}^{l-1}s_j^2(1-s_l^2)+ a_T \cdot \prod _{j=1}^{T-1}s_j^2} \right ) \prod_{l=1}^{T-1}s_l^{2(T-l-1)} ds_l^2 \\ \\&=\Gamma(T)\int \exp\left ( {a_1+\sum_{l = 1}^{T-1} (a_{l+1}-a_l) \cdot \prod _{j=1}^{l}z_j} \right ) \prod_{l=1}^{T-1}z_l^{(T-l-1)} dz_l \\ \end{aligned}$

$\begin{aligned} & \int \exp\left ( {a_1+\sum_{l = 1}^{T-1} (a_{l+1}-a_l) \cdot \prod _{j=1}^{l}z_j} \right ) \prod_{l=1}^{T-1}z_l^{(T-l-1)} dz_{T-1}\\ &=\frac{\exp\left ( {a_1+\sum_{l = 1}^{T-2} (a_{l+1}-a_l) \cdot \prod _{j=1}^{l}z_j} \right ) \left (\exp\left( (a_T-a_{T-l}) \prod _{j=1}^{T-2}z_j\right )-1 \right ) \prod_{l=1}^{T-2}z_l^{(T-l-2)}}{a_T-a_{T-1}} \\&=\frac{\exp\left ( {a_1+\sum_{l = 1}^{T-3} (a_{l+1}-a_l) \cdot \prod _{j=1}^{l}z_j} + (a_T-a_{T-2}) \prod _{j=1}^{T-2}z_j\right )-\exp\left ( {a_1+\sum_{l = 1}^{T-2} (a_{l+1}-a_l) \cdot \prod _{j=1}^{l}z_j} \right ) }{a_T-a_{T-1}} \prod_{l=1}^{T-2}z_l^{(T-l-2)}\\ \end{aligned}$

第一部分连续积分得到
$\frac{e^{a_T}-e^{a_1} }{\prod _{i\neq T} (a_T-a_i)}+\textrm{others}$
第二部分连续积分得到
$\frac{e^{a_{T-1}}-e^{a_1} }{\prod _{i\neq T-1} (a_{T-1}-a_i)}+\textrm{others}$
在计算过程中
$\frac{1 }{ (a_T-a_{T-1}) (a_T-a_{T-2})}+\frac{1 }{ (a_{T-1}-a_T) (a_{T-1}-a_{T-2})}=\frac{1 }{ (a_{T-2}-a_T) (a_{T-2}-a_{T-1})}$
用归纳法可证明
$\sum_{k=T-m+1}^T\frac{1 }{\prod _{i\neq k,i=T-m+1}^T (a_k-a_i)}=\frac{1 }{\prod _{i\neq k,i=T-m+1}^T (a_{T-m}-a_i)}$
结合以上结果得到 1）
将1）的结果应用到2），结合密度函数得到 2）。
3)expand A.1
$\begin{aligned} E\left\{ {\exp \left( {\sum\limits_{l = 1}^L {a \cdot \left| {\phi _l } \right|^2} } \right)} \right\}& = \int_0^1 {e^{ax}p(x)dx} \\ &= \int_0^1 {e^{ax}\frac{\Gamma (T)}{\Gamma (T - L)\Gamma (L)}(1 - x)^{T - L - 1}x^{L - 1}dx} \\ &= \frac{\Gamma (T)}{\Gamma (T - L)\Gamma (L)}\int_0^1 {e^{a(1-y)}y^{T - L - 1}(1-y)^L dy} \\ &= \frac{\Gamma (T)}{\Gamma (T - L)\Gamma (L)}\int_0^1 {e^a e^{-ay}y^{T - L - 1}\sum _{i=0}^L\binom{L}{i}(-y)^{L-i} dy} \\&= \frac{\Gamma (T)e^a}{\Gamma (T - L)\Gamma (L)}\sum _{i=0}^L \frac{(-1)^{L-i}\gamma(T-i,a)}{a^{T-i}} \\ \end{aligned}$
这里 $\left| {\phi ^{L\ast }\phi ^L} \right| = \sum\limits_{l = 1}^L {a \cdot \left| {\phi _l } \right|^2}$ ， $d\phi _1 d\phi _2 \cdots d\phi _L = \frac{\pi ^L}{\Gamma (L)}x^{L - 1}dx$
Ref.
T. L. Marzetta and B. M. Hochwald, ``Capacity of a mobile multiple antenna communication link in Rayleigh flat fading,’’ IEEE Trans. Inf.Theory, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 139–157, Jan. 1999